The United States Government
and
Extra-terrestrial Entities
by
Richard K. Wilson
and
Sylvan Burns
Table of Contents
Introductions ......................................... 1
Quotes ............................................... 17
Documents ............................................ 20
Freedom of Information Act ........................... 74
JMP Request for Executive Order ...................... 75
Lear-Cooper Indictment .............................. 79
Mind Control ....................................... 89
Groom Lake and Dreamland ........................... 106
John Lear Statement, Revised 25 June 1988 ........... 112
Mutilations, Military and Aliens .................... 119
Abductions .......................................... 130
Four-Corners Map ................................... 136
Project Beta, September 9, 1978 ..................... 137
The Case of Paul Bennewitz .......................... 151
Dulce Genetic Facility in New Mexico ................ 154
United States Tunnel Maps ........................... 162
CIA and UFO Data .................................... 164
Technical Agency Information ........................ 167
Historical Data Regarding Aliens and the Government . 171
Definitions and Projects ............................ 192
Conclusions ......................................... 195
Bibliography ........................................ 197
Historical Data
Regarding Aliens and the Government
(c) 1989 N.A.R
The research behind this subject is quite demanding, and
requires a tremendous amount of time, as well as cooperation
between the many researchers that may be involved. The whole idea
the "UFOlogy" is a science is not very accurate. Its' a
disciplinary investigation that is born out of a pattern of human
and non-human deception that reaches into the very core of our
civilization.
What's really going on around us? The answer to that question
has a scope that is almost insurmountable, but not impossible. Due
to the efforts of a great many researchers, information has come
forth that sheds a lot of light on what is actually going on.
Unfortunately, some of that information is quite disturbing; the
various structures of society maintain individuals in a very
fragile state, and aspects of the universe that don't fit into that
societal mold are often are able to break through these barriers
and find out some of the answers without sustaining much ill
effect.
The information here is being presented to you in the hope
that you will consider it in the light of your own experience. You
are not being asked to "believe" anything, for that would require a
faith which may not have a basis in your common core of experience.
However, the data presented herein is based on a common core of
experience that is shared by literally thousands of people on this
planet. Aspects of that common core of experience are also shared
by billions of other entities that are not terrestrial humans. But
that's another story.
Lets take a look at the situation. The time period where
actual manipulation of societies \started to become evident within
society itself appears to be in the late 1800's. The creation of
the elite class structures gave rise to groups like the Illuminati,
who made use of the financial structure to control the planetary
populace.
The process of control of the planetary populace necessitated
the following activities:
Planning and execution of deliberate conflict in
order to divide, fragment and limit population to
controllable levels.
Retention of constructive technology, including
health related technology, in order to insure a
dependent societal structure that would support and
maintain the power structure.
Deliberate manipulation of the planetary power
structure in all matters of finance; planning and
control through creation of economic "crisis".
Historical Comments
The era of "modern" interaction with non-human terrestrial and
non-terrestrial entities also started in the late 1800's. Abduction
of animals started in the 1890's. There are many records of
abduction of humans, both children and adults, from that time
period. Legends and writings of the various tribes of hunting and
gathering societies also contain a lot of information about early
abduction of humans.
1928 - 1944
In 1928, Thomas Brown discovered a relationship between
electrical capacitance and gravitational control. His work was
subsequently taken over by the government. In 1930, Dr. Henry
Coanda began work on aerial craft that were lenticular in shape. In
1932, Adolph Hitler was in control of the German society enough to
force scientists to work in laboratories on advanced aircraft
designs. Aided by the implosion vortex technology of Viktor
Schauberger, and the technical expertise of scientists like
Schriever, Habermohl, Ballenzo and Miethe, the Germans began flying
aerial craft as early as 1938. There is also some evidence that the
Germans recovered a crashed alien disk in 1937.
As a result of all this technology, the German scientific
effort was pushed forward by leaps and bounds, and was conducted at
several underground research facilities at Reinickendorf,
Kummersdorf and Thuringia. The earliest "pilotless aircraft" were
produced in 1934, and has some moderate degree of success. The
United States was quite aware of the German technical progress and
sent an American named Wilson to Germany to "give technical
assistance" and generally to keep an eye on German technology. It
was probably by virtue of Wilson that the Germans never used their
gravitational craft en masse in the war, for Wilson attained a high
position in the German technical community, and switched propulsion
methods from gravitational to advanced jet propulsion in an
apparent effort to "get technology out there to fight the war".
Because of this, German gravitational research remained in the labs
and stayed in the R&D phase until around 1941, when the
Schriever/Miethe designs were successfully tested.
It was clearly a situation where the war was going on faster
than the Germans could technically develop their designs. Hampered
by sabotage and deliberate technical misguidance from Wilson, as
well as delays in metallurgical research which didn't result in an
acceptable alloy of magnesium and aluminum until 1944, the Germans
could only continue to harass allied pilots with the "fireballs",
pilotless craft developed and used since 1942 which emitted
electrical fields that interfered with the operation of aviation
engines.
1945
In 1945, the British discover German plans for advanced craft
and joined the efforts of the United States to subvert the German
program. On February 16, 1945, despite allied efforts, the Germans
successfully flew a crew-carrying version of the "fireball" from
the underground facilities in Thuringia. The craft had a top speed
of over 1,250 mph. The craft was called the "Kugelblitz".
The Germans in the scientific community knew the war was lost
as early as 1942. They decided to establish a plan for continuing
the dream of the Third Reich despite the war. They decided that the
establishment of a separate society founded on Nazi principles of
genetic purity was the answer. The development of gravitational
technology aided that plan. On February 23, 1945, the newest
engines of the Kugelbitz were tested and then extracted from the
craft. The Kugelbitz was blown up by SS personnel and the
scientists, plans and engines were shipped out of Germany to the
South Polar regions, where the Germans had maintained underground
construction activity since 1941. Two days later, on February 25,
1943 the underground plant at Khala was closed and all the workers
sent to Buchenwald and gassed.
The Germans also sent their "aryan elite" children and other
elements of their society to the underground base. General Hans
Kammler, who disappeared in April 1945, was instrumental in the
evacuation operation, as was General Nebe. There, the Germans
developed a eugenic society that apparently is limited to a
specific number of people. They're still there. Apparently they
also maintain technical colonies in South America.
On May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered. Both the Americans and
Soviets gained access to elements of German disk technology and
scientists which the Germans had neglected to eliminate before the
hasty departure at the close of the war. The Canadians also had
access to some of the data that the United States had acquired, as
well as some data directly from the German efforts.
On July 16, 1945, the United States detonated their first
nuclear explosion in New Mexico. By August 15, 1945, the Japanese
had "been induced to surrender", despite the fact that the Japanese
government had offered to surrender on February 14, 1945 and again
in June 1945. Both offers were refused by the United States, who
preferred to use the nuclear device on them two months later, as
planned. It is most probably that the nuclear detonations also
attracted the attention of non-human entities.
1946
In 1946, the United States imported German SS intelligence
officers in an effort to form what later become the Central
Intelligence Agency. This was part of a plan conducted by Allen
Dulles in 1943, when a deal was cut with German intelligence to
provide the Untied States with a viable intelligence operation as
well as provide German intelligence with a place to go after the
war. Good inducement, indeed.
1947
In 1947, the powerful radar until in the four corners area in
the midwest cause the crash of several alien disks, the most
notable of which were at Roswell and Aztec, New Mexico. The disks
recovered had a reptilian species on board, as well as the bodies
of United States Air Force pilots. There was evidence that the
bodies had been mutilated. In June 1947, Kenneth Arnold coins the
term flying saucer.
The Germans, having had two years to get it together after the
war, started making fly-overs over the United States in their
disks, which had by then achieved a remarkable degree of
development. This prompted the United States to undertake plans to
ascertain both the exact location of the German base at the Pole
and their technical capabilities. In 1947, Operation High-jump was
conducted at the pole in an attempt to locate the Germans. It was a
failure. The Germans used their technology to thwart the efforts of
the United States. It wasn't until 1958 during the International
Geophysical Year that another major attempt to work on the Germans
was made. Various polar expeditions that occurred in between 1947
and 1958 had intelligence as part of their design, and also seemed
to evoke activity from other forces and entities from inside the
Earth. There also seems to be some evidence that the Germans made
contact with alien forces from inside the planet during the stint
at the pole.
In 1947, the United States decided that the problem with both
the Germans and aliens was getting a little dangerous, and it was
necessary to implement severe measures in order to hide the truth
of alien presence. The German problem was easier to control as far
as public knowledge was concerned. In September 1947, Truman caused
the national Security Act to be passed in order to hide the
activities of the Government, the CIA and the alien problem. CIA
mind control projects began at Bethesda Naval Hospital in 1947,
with data gained from German SS intelligence. Truman created a
study group in order to control the alien problem. A series of
National Security Council (NSC) memos removed the CIA from the sole
task of gathering foreign intelligence and slowly legalized direct
action in the form of covert activities. The memos, including NSC-
10/1 and NSC-10/2, established a buffer between the President of
the United States and the activities that were going on, as well as
providing means for the President to deny knowledge of any covert
activities.
It was decided that more knowledge was needed about the
various types of alien craft. Project Sign, created on December 30,
1947 and established at Wright Field, was to investigate disk
technical capabilities and performance. There was still the problem
of evaluation of the disks that had been recovered. It was decided
that the Navy Auxiliary Field in the Groom Mountains in Nevada
would be the ideal spot to do the testing.
1948
In August 1948, Project Sign prepared a Top Secret estimate of
the situation, which was designated as Air Intelligence Report 100-
203-79.
General Hoyt Vandenburg, after reviewing the report, ordered
the report destroyed. Not all copies of the report were destroyed.
In December 1948; at least one still survives, Project Sign was
redesignated as Project Grudge, with public version to be known as
Project Bluebook. The liaison between Project Grudge and MJ-12 was
the Air Force officer in charge of Project Bluebook, Captain Edward
Ruppelt.
1949
1949 was also the year that construction started on AEC
proper5ty on Nellis range of the complex designated to perform
testing and evaluation of alien technology. It was also another
year that German disks started fly-overs in the United States. As a
response to this activity and the general alien problem, the CIA
Act of 1949 was enacted, giving the agency more capability to act
outside the bounds of established las in order to guarantee that
the alien problem remained inside the government. At that point,
the CIA office of Scientific Intelligence began to review civilian
reports of sightings in order to determine the scope of the
suppression effort.
It was in 1949 that the Soviet Union detonated their first
above ground nuclear test. It is uncertain whether the Soviet
effort to produce a nuclear device was aided by the delivery to
them of 1 kilogram of uranium in the 1943 by the United States, or
the subsequent delivery of nuclear weapons plans to the Soviets in
the same year by President Roosevelt under the lend Lease program.
A major who was in charge of the transfer of Lend Lease supplies
discovered that at least three assignments of uranium chemicals
totalling .75 ton, as well as documents and reports, were
transferred to the Soviets.
Julius and Ethel Rosenburg were blamed for the Soviet weapons
acquisition during the next year, and were summarily executed in
order to cover up the technology exchange. President Roosevelt's
son, James, wrote a book entitled "A Family Matter" in which he
details Roosevelt "bold decision" to share the nuclear technology
with the Soviet Union.
In 1949, alien craft were often seen hovering over sensitive
nuclear installations, especially in New Mexico, and probes known
as "green fireballs" were frequently seen all over the state; they
were presumably monitoring something to do with radiation. The disk
crash at Roswell, New Mexico netted on live alien, named EBE
(Extra-terrestrial Biological Entity). It was a name coined by
study group member Detlev Bronk.
Secretary of Defense James Forrestal became disenchanted with
the whole handling of the alien problem. He voice his concern to
President Truman, who asked him to resign on March 3, 1949. Within
one month, the White House had all 3,000 pages of the diaries of
James Forrestal locked up in a white house safe and had sent him to
Bethesda Naval Hospital under the care of Dr. Raines. Forrestal's
brother decided to take him out of the hospital, fearing for his
brothers' life. On the same day his brother was due to pick him up,
James Forrestal was found hanging outside of a 16th story windows
of the hospital with a sheet around his neck. The sheet broke, and
Forrestal fell to his death.
By December 1949, the government decided to close Project
Grudge and divert efforts elsewhere.
1950
In 1950, Canadian scientist Wilber Smith reported in a letter
that the disks were on of the most highly classified issues in the
United States Government, even "higher than the H-bomb", which
President Truman ordered into production in January of 1950. In
1950, problems continued with alien disks. There were near misses
with commercial airline flights, and continued overflights over
sensitive military installations. By August of 1950, it was decided
to let General Walter B. Smith assume Forrestal's vacant position
in the study group. It was also the same month that the Government
decided to seize all USS railroads in order to prevent a general
strike.
In December of 1950, a unit called IPU, Interplanetary
Phenomenon Unit, was established operational unit to deal with the
ever-increasing scenarios of crashed disks and aliens. That same
month a disk crashed in the El Indio-Guerro area of Mexico and was
taken to the AEC facility at Sandia in New Mexico.
1951
In 1951, construction of the base at Groom Lake took on a more
earnest effort with Project Redlight. Information leaked out that
disks were stored at Wright Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio. Viking
Press published a version of the Forrestal diaries.
Flying wing type aircraft were seen over Albuquerque. The
alien named EBE suddenly became ill, and was worked on by a Dr.
Mendoza for almost a year until 1952, when the alien died.
General MacArthur, famous for his statement about
interplanetary was being inevitable, was relieved of his command by
President Truman.
In 1951, the CIA was essentially telling the public that it
was closing it's books on the "UFO" problem. President Truman
crated the National Security Agency (NSA) in 1952 to monitor and
contain the secret of alien presence, decipher alien communications
and eventually establish an ongoing dialogue with any alien species
it could make communications with. Presidential Executive Order
exempts the NSA from all laws except those laws which specifically
mention the NSA.
1952
President Truman kept the allies of the United States,
including the Soviet Union, informed of the developing alien
problem ever since the recovery of the crashed disk in Roswell,
just in case it was discovered that the aliens turned out to be a
threat. The problem was that there was ever increasing threat to
security about the aliens. To solve that problem, the group known
as the Bilderbergers was created in order to take the decision
making about the alien problem and other international issues out
of the hands of governments. The Bilderbergers are headquartered in
Geneva, and evolved into the elite secret body that still controls
international situations. Nelson Rockefeller, Gerald Ford, Henry
Kissenger and George Bush are involved with the world control
groups, and have been for many years.
1953
In 1953, Thomas Brown gave a demonstration of his
electrogravitic effect to the Air Force, who promptly took over the
project. It was also the year that Eisenhower was elected. It was
Eisenhower who appointed Rockefeller to head a group that would
propose a reorganization of government. Eisenhowers' favorite
comment seemed to be "do whatever it takes". That comment seemed to
form the basis for all actions to do with the alien problem from
then on.
Project Sigma, created in 1953 and run by NSA, functioned to
intercept and decrypt alien communications. With ten disk crashes,
effort to maintain security took a supreme effort.
Eisenhower, in 1953 asked Rockefeller for help with the alien
problem. This is where the idea for MJ-12 was born. It was probably
a critical mistake in asking a member of the world control group
for help with a problem with alien beings.
Astronomers in 1953 made a rather disturbing discovery of a
large object that entered the solar system, which later proved to
be an object that was intelligently guided and emitted
communication signals. The Air Force, in the same year, discovered
huge orbiting objects between 100 to 500 miles altitude. They were
alien craft.
Project Plato, governed by the NSA, endeavored to establish
some sort of diplomatic relations with the alien species that had
appeared. In 1953, the NSA was successful at this task, and the
CIA, perceiving that more public disinformation was needed,
convened the Robertson Panel. The summation report, issued in
January of 1953, stated that there was "no threat to national
security from UFOS". By now, some of the aliens were KNOWN, and
therefore the semantics describing "unidentified" flying objects
could be truth fully used. Contact was made in 1953 with a race
known thereafter as the Big-nosed Greys, and meeting was arranged
with the aliens at Holloman AFB in New Mexico for 1954. A Secret
Treaty was formed where the aliens would not interfere in our
affairs and we would not interfere with their affairs. We would let
them do what they want and also establish underground bases here in
exchange for alien technology.
Concern or public probing into the "UFO" question caused the
government to come up with the idea of developing disks using
conventional technology and then displaying them to the public.
This would take the heat off the real programs. Project Snowbird
was created for this purpose. It to, was headquartered in Nevada.
The United States and the Canadians had been cooperating for
some time on the disk technology, and in 1954 successful tests were
made of some jointly developed disk designs. Project Redlight
sustains it first death of an Air Force pilot in Nevada during a
test of an alien vehicle. Project Pounce was created to provide a
general process of disk and occupant recovery, as well as providing
cover stories. It too was run by the NSA. Project Plato, another
NSA project, was initiated in order to establish a continuing
program of technological evaluation of alien disks.
Increasing numbers of people in the public domain began to
have encounters with alien beings. In order to retain the element
of secrecy, the Air Force established a number of "debriefing
colonies" in the United States for contactees and their families -
a practice which continued well into the 1960's and beyond.
The Government also had contact with another race of aliens in
1953. This race would not share technology with the government, and
despite their warnings about the Big-nosed Greys, the government
broke off contact with them, preferring to allow the Greys to trade
technology in mind control, beam weaponry and gravitation for
silence on part of the United States about their abduction and
mutilation operations.
1954
In 1954, Dr. Wilhelm Reich began experiments with his
cloudbuster equipment, and discovered that he could affect the
propulsion systems of some of the alien disks. Reichs discoveries
also involved the manipulation of biological energy in terms of
conquering disease. It didn't take the government long to realize
what a threat Reich was to the established order, and Reich was
hassled by the government and jailed. Hew was finally murdered in
Lewisburg prison in November 1957.
1955
In 1955, a documentary film about UFOs was released from
Hollywood in an attempt to de-mystify UFOs as far as the public was
concerned. The CIA mind control program, which was authorized in
1953 when Allan Dulles approved project MKDELTA, took on a new
insidious turn when mind control drugs began to be given to
subjects in normal settings in order to observe the effects. Later,
by 1956, testing of mind control drugs on prisoners would be
approved.
The National Security Council had established a "deal" with
the Big-nosed Greys. The Greys would make sure that they would give
a periodic list of abductees to the NSC. By April of 1954, it
became obvious to the Eisenhower administration that the Greys had
broken the agreement and were abducting far more people than they
reported, including large numbers of children.
Also in 1955, Henry Kissenger was chosen as the head of the
Alien study group, know as the JASON society, under National
Security Council provision NSC 5411. NSC edict 5412/2 established
the original study committee. In 1956 the group, publicly referred
to as the Quantico group, was closed. The 5412 designation became
public knowledge, but the purpose of the group remained secret.
1956
In 1956, Captain Rudppelt, who left the Air Force in 1953,
wrote and published his famous book "Report on Unidentified Flying
Objects", he also made a statement that year about a "group of
Germans having advanced aerial vehicles".
1957
By 1957, Joseph McCarthy was becoming a problem. He was
admitted to Bethesda Naval Hospital where, of course, he
mysteriously died.
In 1957, it was decided that the course of human evolution
would make the planet uninhabitable by the year 2000, so various
"Alternatives" were discussed. Alternative 1, was to allow things
to continue the way they were and hope things could be repaired.
The second alternative was to arrange for underground cities and
facilities to be built in order to insure the survival of select
groups of people. Alternative 3 was migration to other planets.
Both Alternatives 2 and 3 were chosen as being the most viable.
Work was then started on both of them. In order to implement
Alternative 3, alien technology would be needed. It was also
necessary to push for more complete forms of mind control in order
to insure a smooth flow of operations despite any opposition that
might occur.
In 1957, work under Project Redlight was begun in earnest in
Nevada. A facility code named DREAMLAND was constructed in the
proximity of an alien underground base known as "S-4". Here, the
process of exchange of alien technology began.
1958
In 1958, International Geophysical Year, expeditions were made
to the poles in order to again assess the problem of the Germans,
as well as the threat from aliens of different character that were
detected as coming from inside the Earth. Work continued on
Alternatives 2 and 3.
1959
In 1959, the RAND Corporation held several conferences on Deep
Underground Construction. These conferences were attended by the
various military services as well as large corporate construction
firms like Bechtel. Underground construction projects began within
a year. Existing underground facilities were beefed up and new ones
were started. Funding for government underground facilities come
from "Presidential Shelter" funds, as well as covert drug operation
conducted by the CIA under the orders of MJ-12. This procedure
appears to be still in effect as of July 1989. Over 75 underground
facilities have been constructed under various programs.
Also in 1959, Joseph Bryan, CIA Psychological Warfare
director, met with Major Donald Keyhoe in order to review cases.
Keyhoe refuses. Captain Ruppelt, dissatisfied with governmental
operations in terms of "UFO investigations" is becoming an
increasing problem.
1960
In 1960, Edward Ruppelt mysteriously dies of a heart attack.
In that year, Project Aquarius is initiated in order to collect
medical and technical information from alien technology. It was
another NSA sponsored project. Ronald Reagan is governor of
California. His personal secretary was former translator for those
Germans over Eichmann during World War II.
1961
In 1961, Cape Canaveral/Kennedy radar locked onto an object
that was following a polaris missile over the ocean. Vice-president
Johnson's private aircraft crashes. Radar showed UFOs in the area.
In 1961, John Kennedy was elected president. He orders NORAD
not to divulge information about foreign space vehicles.
Experiments with ultrasonics and brain lesions are done by
universities. Donald Keyhoe begins sending proof of his censorship
to Congress. At Fort Ord, 221 military members are abducted and
implanted with devices. They and their families are sequestered.
By May 1961, a House subcommittee had been formed to look int
the subject of UFOs. It was again put down and the problem seemed
to 'disappear' for a while. Kennedy, dissatisfied with some areas
in the covert governmental structure, threatens to go public. In
1962 the Bilderbergers meet to discuss the problem.
1962
1962 was the year that the American public watched John Glenn
orbit the Earth in the manned "space program", which was a public
program designed to be a pool where funds could be siphoned off for
work on covert projects. Some of the projects were concerned with
the development of alien technology.
1962 was also the year that a space probe was landed on Mars.
It confirmed the presence of a viable atmosphere and further
strengthened the push for Alternative 3. Disk activity is observed
by the public around the area of Dulce, New Mexico, the area that
would later become famous as the site of a joint government alien
facility.
1963
In 1963, Kennedy evidently issued an ultimatum to MJ-12 and
they decided that Kennedy should be subject to an expediency -
killed. This was the era when the United States first started
having its own operational disks. 1963 is the date of one of the
earliest visits to an underground joint base by an abductee that
came back and lived to tell about it. It is the first hint of the
underground breeding facilities that are described in the Dulce
Papers, events surrounding Paul Bennewitz and Thunder Scientific
Corporation in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and other insidious
experiences that have been reported by scores of people from 1963
to 1989.
Within a month after Kennedy's murder, the Bilderbergers met
again to formulate their plans. In England, mind control
experiments began in Warminster. Lonnie Zamora's abduction case
gave further impetus to public awareness of abduction by alien
entities.
1964
In April 1964, Cape Kennedy radar technicians track disks in
pursuit of the Gemini capsule. On April 15, two intelligence
personnel meet under the Project Plato with aliens in the New
Mexico desert to arrange a meeting on April 25 at Holloman AFB, New
Mexico in order to "renew" the treaty in a psychological bid to buy
time in order to solve the problem of the Greys.
In May 1964, the book "The Invisible Government" was release,
and many significant details about the operation of the CIA were
released to the public.
In the summer of 1964, alleged metal samples from the Socorro
case were being analyzed. Scientist Ray Stanford states that the
samples are an unknown alloy. On August 20, 1964, fifteen days
after Stanford makes his statement, NASA scientist Sciacca states
that the Socorro sample is silicon.
September 17, 1964 marked the release of the Warren Commission
Report on the Kennedy assassination, intended to pacify the public
about the event and obscure the details about the assassination.
In December, disks were back again, buzzing the Pautexent Naval Air
Station in Maryland.
1965
In 1965, the Bilderbergers met again. George Adamski takes
motion pictures of an object at Silver Spring, Maryland on February
26, 1965. On March 18, the Soviets give a less than adequate
performance during the "spacewalk" of Leoniv. Its obviously a
staged event not taking place in space. In June, astronaut James
McDivitt sees an object in space and reports it. The government
begins to review data about the earth energy grid system detailed
by Dr. Bruce Cathie in New Zealand. It is believed that the energy
grid provides power to sustain some of the implant systems and
other equipment that the aliens use. It also provides (if the tilt
of the earth is correct) the power to energize apparent "window
areas" on the planet and open dimensional doorways.
1966
In 1966, actual technology on-board far exceeded technology
that was made available to the public. It is believed that a
research lab in Silicon Valley had developed 3 dimensional
television and had it perfected. Video tape was also in the process
of being developed for release. The SR-71 blackbird, an aircraft
having advanced design and special alloy skins allowing it to
travel to the fringes of space, was designed and built. It was
around that time period that people become acutely aware of the
series of underground tunnel systems that lie under California and
the other Wester States that connect corporations and other
facilities together.
1966 marked the end of the mind control experiments in
Warminster, England. Cheyenne Mountain and its NORAD facility is
activated, and the Bilderbergers meet again. Henry Kissenger, Olaf
Palme (who would authorize the use of implants in Sweden in 1971
and subsequently be murdered), Gerald Ford and Schmidt from Germany
were among the attendees. The NASA budget had swelled to over $572
million dollars.
A 1966 Gallup poll indicated that over 8 million people had
seen UFOs in the United States. Public interest increased. It was
time to manipulate public opinion again. The Condon Committee was
set up, chaired by Edward Condon, who admitted his forgone
conclusion that UFOs didn't exist. The Condon Committee announced
its results to the public, declaring the UFOs didn't really have
any basis in reality. It wa the beginning of a debunking process
that would culminate in 1969 when the Air Force made a public
announcement that they are "closing Project Bluebook". Congressman
Gerald Ford makes a declaration to Congress that they should look
into the subject of UFOs. Two months later, in June 1966, disks
interrupt tests at Pine Gap facility near Alice Springs, Australia.
In August 1966, Dr. J. Allen Hynek publicly criticizes
scientists for not investigating UFO reports.
1967
In 1967, Astronomer James E. MacDonald sees a classified
version of the 1953 Robertson Report and becomes a critic of the
Air Force and the CIA. macDonald makes a statement that UFOs may be
visitors spying on the planet. Also in 1967, a large shipment of
gold leaves Fort Know, destination unknown.
In October 1967, Britain is hit by a wave of disk sightings.
In December, the Schirmier case in Nebraska becomes the most
interesting abduction case of the year. Schirmer is brought to an
underground base and relates the details afterward.
1968
In 1969, Richard Nixon becomes president. Edward Condon
releases his book "Scientific Study of UFOs" in an attempt to
further obscure the subject as far as the public is concerned. The
US Army Language School R&D department produces a brain nullifier
device. The Air Force declares Project Bluebook abandoned "out of
lack of interest". The Brazilian Air Force issues a directive
forbidding release of UFO info to the press. Donald Keyhoe, a
longtime enemy of the government, is ousted from NICAP and replaced
by CIA operative John Acuff.
On May 28, 1969, former president Eisenhower dies, marking the
last time a President will have full knowledge of the whole alien
situation until the election of President Bush in 1988.
On July 20 - 21, 1969, the public is treated to Neil Armstrong
landing on the Moon (in the wrong place). Armstrong and his crew
are treated to views of huge alien spacecraft surrounding their
landing site. Radio hams pick up the chatter involved in the
incident.
A controversy erupted in 1969 over the 1950 Internal Security
Act which authorized detention camps in the United States. Senator
Daniel Inouye introduced a bill to abolish the section of the Act
which dealt with detention camps and it was quickly passed into
law. Despite the governments official policy, some believe the law
has been violate.
Years later, a suit was filed in US District Court in Houston
by businessman William Pabst, who charged that the federal
government established secret concentration camps and mental
hospitals for the purpose of jailing political dissidents. Pabst
said that a massive computer system exists whereby government
officials have access to the names of citizens in order to arrest
and control them.
By 1969, the NASA budget has shrunk to a mere $44 million.
They don't want any more intrusions into the operation on the moon.
In October of 1969, Jimmy Carter sees and reports a UFO.
1970
In 1970, the Bilderberges meet. The world population is 3.6
billion. In October 1970, Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau suspends
the Canadian Bill of Rights, which allows search without warrant.
1971
In 1971, the Bilderbergers meet again, this time in Woodstock
Vermont. The Air Force still continues Project Bluebook. A bill is
introduced again to repeal Title 2 of the Internal Security Act as
far as detention camps are concerned. Currently, emergency
provisions stall stand on the books.
In June 1971 Dr. James E. MacDonald mysteriously drives out
into the desert and shoots himself in the head.
1972
In 1972, the Central Security Service (CSS) was created at
Fort Meade. Purpose: communication interception. Project Redlight
assumes a new phase of operations in Nevada. The first Watergate
breakin occurs. Scientist Rene Hardy, also a prominent UFOlogist,
is found dead; an apparent suicide. The CIA mind control project at
Bethesda Naval Hospital ends. On June 12, 1972, the second and most
prominent Watergate breakin occurs. in December, astronaut Edgar
Mitchell admits that NASA has provisions for encounters with alien
life-forms. On December 25, 1972, President Truman dies.
1973
In 1973, increasing numbers of aerial craft are being seen. A
visit to the underground base at Twentynine Palms is documented by
an Air Force member who takes pictures of an alien autopsy and an
alien craft that is bigger on the inside than outside. Brazilian
State Directive, Institutional Act No. 5, forbids dissemination of
UFO related information. NICAP files are taken over by Hyneks's
Center for UFO Studies. Scientists again discover a large object
moving toward the Earth. It is confirmed to be another alien craft.
1974
In 1974, large numbers of animal mutilations begin to occur in
Texas. Hynek visits APRO headquarters and is denied access to their
files. Nelson Rockefeller becomes vice-president. The Soviets begin
their research into weather modification. A photo of a disk is
taken by an aviation photographer near Nellis AFB, Nevada. In
February 1974, Robert Galley, French Minister for Defense, goes on
TB and publicly states that the disks are real.
1975
In 1975, the NASA budget is back up to around $121 million for
R&D projects. The area around Dulce, New Mexico starts to
experience another intense wave of animal mutilations. NICAP begins
its downward financial slide. George Bush becomes director for the
CIA. Documents indicate that ultrasonics research lasted 20 years.
In April 1976, NSC directive 4A authorized covert psychological
activities to be conducted against American citizens. May, 1976 was
the 200th anniversary of the founding of the Illumnati.
1977
In 1977, the United States sends the Soviet Union a super-
super-magnet which they then use for weather modification.
President Carter gets elected and says that he'll make every piece
of information about UFOs available to the public. Carter is shown
a disk and changes his mind. In 1977, the intelligence branch of
the Royal Air Force decides to no longer publish statistical
reports bout UFOs. The Freedom of Information Act was passed in
1977. In May 1977, Jack Acuff, CIA representative in NICAP, is
approached by Soviet KGB agents in regard to UFOs. In September
1977, a Red Flag pilot strays over Dreamland and is reassigned
within 48 hours to another base. Also in September, USAF Colonel
Senn sends a letter to NASA General Crow, expressing the hope that
UFO investigation will stop.
1978
In 1978, a wave of sightings in England begins that lasts
until 1983, with some 3,000 sightings documented. In 1978, an NSA
employee provides CIA NICAP representative Jack Acuff with
classified UFO related documents. The movie "Close Encounters" is
released to the public; a new effort at acclimation toward pseudo-
friendly aliens. In 1978 the United States sends new F-16 aircraft
to NATO allies on Soviet ships. A former CIA employee verifies
drawings of alien hands made at autopsies. Leonard Stringfield
publishes "Situation Red". The magazine "Harrisburg" predicts an
incident at three mile island nuclear plant for March 28, 1979.
On March 18, 1978, William Herman is abducted and told by the
aliens of the existence of a "network" of civilizations. They also
confirm the loss of ships in the 1940's because of radar units. On
June 19, 1978, president Carter issues an executive order creating
the Federal Emergency Management Agency; an act viewed by some to
be unconstitutional.
In September 1978, scientist Paul Bennewitz discovers the
activities of alien craft at Manzano Weapons Storage area outside
of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Bennewitz submits a report called
Project Beta to the government and is put under observation. He was
allegedly subjected to three bouts with electroshock treatment
starting in 1979, then was left to be observed by both the
government and the aliens with whom he had been communicating
through his computer equipment.
Also in 1978, the Federal Emergency Management Agency conducts
its first Rex excise, Rex-78.
1979
In 1979, a conference on animal mutilations was organized by
Senators Smith and Domenici, and was attended by Scientist Henry
Montieth, who had just completed ten years of research on the
subject. The conclusion of the conference was that there was
something of substance in animal mutilation cases that could not be
explained.
1979 was the year that an disgruntled scientist at the Dulce
Genetics Facility fled with videos, pictures and notes, vowing to
expose the atrocities found there.
Presidential candidate Ronald Reagan visits NORAD in Cheyenne
Mountain in 1979. CIA agent John Acuff of NICAP is replaced by
retired agent Hall.
In 1979, a retired OSS agent claims during an interview that
he was asked to kill General Patton. In January 18, 1979, a debate
on UFOs took place in the House of Lords in England. On March 28,
1979, just as predicted, the Three Mile Island event took place. In
October 1979, an altercation takes place between government
scientists and military personnel and the resident aliens. Sixty
six people were killed.
1980
In 1980, after his election, Ronald Reagan changes the 'Air
Defense' in NORAD to "Aerospace Defense". The 'Roswell Incident'
was published by William Moore. The MUFON journal publishes and
article on Project Redlight. The Federal Emergency Management
Agency conducts Rex-80 exercises, in which they relocate Cuban
refugees as part of a population relocation test.
In January 1980, Peter Gersten secures two documents from the
NSA under the Freedom of Information Act. Gersten was able to find
out on April 27, 1982 that some 238 NSA documents were located in
the search that the government made.
In May, 1980, psychologist and researcher Leo Sprinkle
regresses Myrna Hanson, who relates information about underground
bases with vats. Also in May, Judy Doraty and her son witness a
cattle mutilation and are abducted and implanted themselves.
In August 1980, disks intrude again into the Manzano Weapons
Storage Area in New Mexico. On August 8th, a disk was discovered by
a Sandia guard next to a building containing HQ CR44 (nuclear
materials). On August 9th, a security officer checks down Coyote
Canyon Road and discovers a disk.
By November 1980, researcher Paul Bennewitz was still being
monitored by the NSA. In December 1980, the Cash - Landrum case
occurred where both women received severe radiation poisoning
during an encounter with a US disk that is escorted away in full
view of the two woman by 23 military helicopters.
1981
In 1981, George Bush (former head of the CIA) becomes Vice-
President and Ronald Reagan becomes President. The NASA R&D
budget
is $109 million. Ronald Reagan was shot in an assassination attempt
that wanted to put George Bush in office a little sooner.
In 1981, the University of Florida begins work on thought
operated computers. The Stealth 117A aircraft was first test flown.
In January 1980, discovery of the Bentwaters/Woodbridge case
featuring underground activities.
On January 13, 1981, Colonel Charles J. Halt writes a memo at
RAF Bentwaters on the alien encounter in Rendlesham Forest.
1982
In 1982, Peter Gersten of CAUS files a petition with the
Supreme Court relative to NSA involvement in UFO related
activities.
Researcher Linda Howe (A Strange Harvest) was allegedly
contacted by MJ-12 with ideas for making a documentary release of
information - they changed their mind later. In 1982 the planetary
population exceeds 4.8 billion people. On March 10, 1982, the House
of Lords held its second debate on UFOs, still coming to no
definitive conclusion. The Federal Emergency Management Agency
conducts the Rex-82 exercise, which tested the national ability to
mobilize quickly for wartime military production. Industry failed
miserably.
1983
In 1983, a Nevada researcher discovers a metal rod in the
center of a geomagnetic vortex in Blue Diamond, Nevada. The British
government starts to release UFO files for the first time.
In 1983, the Stealth 117A fighter becomes operational on a
covert basis. In 1983, the Colorado Advanced Technology Institute
was created as a basic structure for future space oriented
developments to take place starting in 1988 - 90. The memo of
Colonel Charles Hait of Bentwaters is released in the United
States. An internal Pentagon document dated December 1, 1983
describes in detail the military directions for pulling out the
troops in case of some unspecified emergency. The document lists
exceptions to the Posse Comitatus Act, the federal law that
prohibits the military from operating in the United States. The
document gives as its authority for such actions "the inherent
legal right of the United States Government to ensure the
preservation of public order.... by force if necessary", a claim
that Supreme Court had dismissed when President Truman tried to use
it to justify taking over steel mills in the early 1950's. There is
evidence that new Army divisions, like those at Fort Lewis in
Washington, will have a dual foreign and domestic role. Another
planned division will be located at Fort Ord, California. FEMA has
standby legislation in a bill innocuously titled the "Defense
Resources Act". The bill would suspend the Bill of Rights, abolish
free enterprise, eliminate privately owned property, and generally
clamp the American people in a totalitarian vise. Section 202 of
the bill, for example, allows the President to instantly confiscate
any real estate or personal property "that shall be deemed
necessary for national defense purposes". Section 501 authorizes
the takeover of any industry the White House authorizes. Section
1213 outlaws all strikes. The standby legislation also includes
"Censorship of Communications", which allows the president,
whenever he "shall deem that the public safety demand it", to
censor "communications by mail, cable, radio, television, or other
means of transmission". The "COG" (Continuity of Government) also
exists. It is a secretive shadow government that is in place and
ready to run the country.
Since 1980, this unprecedented apparatus has been installed to
thrust the United States into a military takeover with or without
the president's co-operation, and all in the name of preserving
democracy from some un-named threat.
Guess what the threat might be?
1984
The movie "V" is presented to the public, portraying reptilian
aliens who feed on human flesh, store humans for food, etc. Active
resistance groups are also plugged in the movie/series. NASA budget
is $192 million. The book "Clear Intent" is published by Fawcett
and Greenwood. The Soviets conduct a national poll on UFO
experiences, to which 30,000 reply. The Federal Emergency
Management Agency conducts the Res-84 exercises. These exercises
was involved with practice in detaining and handling large numbers
of people. Large numbers of people might presumably have to be
dealt with after a controversial government action.
Any guesses?
On April 26, 1984, General Bond is killed flying in Area 51
during a classified aerial test. In December, the US Space
Foundation held its first Annual National Symposium in Colorado.
1985
In 1985, McDonnel Douglas receives brand new technology from
apparently nowhere. John Herrington becomes Secretary of Energy.
The Soviets reveal major encounter data to the public. Author Ralph
Noyes UK) publishes "A Secret Property" about the British
Government and UFOs. NASA Budget has grown to $248 million for
research and development. Lawrence Livermore Labs begins to
manufacture artificial blood, some of which is destined for Dulce
Genetics Facility in New Mexico. Cattle mutilations begin to drop
off in the midwest.
In October 1985, Aries Properties acquires 21,000 acres
running next to Colorado Springs, site of a future space technology
center.
In November 1985, NBC broadcasts a program about "black
unmarked helicopters, secret projects, and bad money". On December
4, 1985, president Reagan voices thoughts about alien forces from
space to high school students.
1986
In 1986, "Sky Crash" by Jenny Randles and "UFO Crash at Aztec"
by Steinman and Stevens are published. The Brazilian Air Force,
according to government documents released by the FOIA, chases
UFOs. Project Snowbird goes into another phase to develop craft
with conventional technology to show to the public. Crime rate
rises 5.2 percent.
On July 26, 1986, Dr Robert I. Sarbacher Dies.
1987
In 1987, Star Wars budget is $4.2 billion. The Department of
Defense now funds 75 percent of all Federal Research and
Development.
A Los Angeles policeman dies after discovering a major CIA
distribution point for heroin and cocaine at the top of the
Staffers Concourse Hotel in Los Angeles and is killed. Funds
created by the agency are funneled to covert projects. Other
distribution points exist at Riverton, Wyoming and on the Laguna
Indian Reservation in Arizona. Delta Security Forces provide
protection.
In 1987, the "Dulce Papers" are first released. Data on five
entrances to Dulce Lab is leaked, and the government takes care of
them by destroying buildings and building new ones in odd locations
for apparently no perceivable reason. In February 1987, there are
102 operable nuclear facilities in the United States. On February
15, 1987, the San Jose 'Mercury' reports on the Pentagon "black
budget" program. On April 27, 1987, genetically altered bacteria
are publicly released. The bacteria were produced to interfere with
'frost damage to citrus crops'.
In September 1987, 16 - cycle waves are broadcast from
transmitters and repeaters for a period of four months before the
election of George Bush. The ELF (extremely low frequency) waves
cause entrainment of millions of Americans to occur, possibly to
influence the election. Allegedly, the main transmitter was located
in Nevada. On September 4, 19877, the group called "Justice for
Military Personnel (JMP)" sends a letter to the president,
detailing crimes the military has been ordered to commit against
private citizens in regard to the alien problem.
On September 21, 1987, Reagan again voices his thoughts about
aliens threatening the earth in an address to the United Nations.
On October 11th, the Las Vegas Review Journal reports a story
on Area 51/ Dreamland in Nevada. On the 17th, large numbers of B-
52's were seen taking off from Hickem AFB, Hawaii. On the 20th,
William Moore visits Albuquerque, New Mexico.
On November 21st, the Parkenson Institute begins asking the
public for human fetuses to study. Requests are made to groups of
hospitals. On the 27th, groups of US Army rangers attempt and
apparently bungle an attempt to enter a joint alien facility in New
Mexico. In December, the CIA begins to contact everyone who was
ever in its employ that ever had anything to do with the alien
problem. A woman draws a picture of a black-mirrored spherical
craft she says belongs to the National Security Agency. On the 14th
of December, John Lear offers to host the MUFON Convention in Las
Vegas in July 1989.
1988
George Bush finally becomes president. A joint alien base off
the Florida coast is re-activated, giving rise to the sightings at
Gulf Breeze. On March 25, John Lear releases a statement to the
public on the status of affairs with the alien situation. On April
27th, Leonard Stringfield speaks at a Milford, Ohio public library.
In May 1988, Reagan again makes a speech in which he refers to
an "alien threat from outside this world". Newspapers report Reagan
has been allegedly "warned" by astrologers that there will be a
space invasion by 1993. It was discovered that EBE's are sensitive
to any material having a left-hand atomic spin. On May 5th, Leonard
Stringfield releases and article in Batavia, Illinois about aliens.
In June 1988, Senator Cranston is allegedly shown disks at
Norton AFB. The publication "NASA Techbriefs" shows a photo of an
EBE with no caption or explanation. Word comes from New Mexico to
researchers that Los Alamos has developed an antimatter weapon,
which allegedly will be used as a last resort if "the Greys cannot
be pried away from the planet". The number of Greys on Earth is
estimated at 20 million. In December, Steven White (President of
Bechtel Investments) dies. Bechtel has been heavily involved in
underground construction. Starting in 1989, billions of dollars are
being spent modernizing NORAD.
1989
Starting in 1989, billions of dollars are being spent
modernizing NORAD. Data on Project Excaliber is released. The
project is involved in developing a warhead that will penetrate
1000 meters of earth and then detonate. Useful for destroying
underground bases.
1989 is the year that Zbigniew Brzezinski predicted that the
United States Constitution would be re-written. In January 1989,
William Cooper and John Lear issue an indictment to the president
regarding the alien problem. No reply was ever received.
http://www.anomalous-images.com/text/secret.txt
See The Dulce Base
Monday, September 27, 2010
Thursday, September 16, 2010
Number in Scripture:
Its Supernatural Design and Spiritual Significance
by
E. W. Bullinger
(1837-1913)
Fourth Edition, Revised.
"The works of the Lord are great,
Sought out of all them have pleasure therein."
Ps. cxi. 2.
London:
Eyre & Spottiswoode (Bible Warehouse) Ltd.,
33. Paternoster Row, E.C.
1921
Preface
Many writers, from the earliest times, have called attention to the importance of the great subject of Number in Scripture. It has been dealt with, for the most part, in a fragmentary way. One has dealt with some particular number, such as "seven"; another has been content with a view of the primary numbers, and even when defining their significance, has given only one or two examples by way of illustration; another has confined himself to "symbolical numbers," such as 10, 40, 666, etc.; another has taken up such symbolical numbers in their relation to chronology or to prophecy; another has collected examples, but has dealt little with their meaning.
There seemed, therefore, to be room, and indeed a call, for a work which would be more complete, embrace a larger area, and at the same time be free from the many fancies which all, more or less, indulge in when the mind is occupied too much with one subject. Anyone who values the importance of a particular principle will be tempted to see it where it does not exist, and if it be not there will force it in, in spite sometimes of the original text. Especially is this the case when chronology is dealt with, the greater uncertainty of dates lending itself more readily to the author's fancy.
The greatest work on this subject, both chronological and numerical, is not free from these defects. But its value is nevertheless very great. It is by the late Dr. Milo Mahan, of New York. His work Palmoni*, which was republished among his collected works, has long been out of print. It greatly increased my interest in this subject, and led me to further study, besides furnishing a number of valuable illustrations.
* Not the anonymous Palmoni by an English author, published in London.
It is too much to hope that the present work should be free from these defects, which are inseparable from human infirmity. From one point of view it is a subject which must prove disappointing, at any rate to the author, for illustrations are continually being discovered; and yet, from another point of view, it would be blasphemy to suppose that such a work could be complete; for it would assume that the wonders of this mine could be exhausted, and that its treasures could be all explored!
I must, therefore, be content with the setting forth of general principles, and with giving a few examples from God's Word which illustrate them, leaving others to extend the application of these principles and search out illustrations of them for themselves.
May the result of this contribution to a great subject be to stimulate the labours of Bible students; to strengthen believers in their most holy faith; and to convince doubters of the Divine perfection and inspiration of the Book of Books, to the praise and glory of God.
E.W. BULLINGER
17 North End Road,
Golders Green, N.W.
Contents
PART I
SUPERNATURAL DESIGN
CHAPTER 1
THE WORKS OF GOD
The Heavens
Chronology
Nature
The Vegetable Kingdom
Physiology
Chemistry
Sound and Music
Colour
CHAPTER II
THE WORD OF GOD
The Books of the Bible
The Writers
Occurrences of Words in Old Testament
Occurrences of Words in New Testament
Occurrences of Words in the Apocalypse
Occurrences of Phrases
Evidence as to Authorship of Hebrews and 2 Peter
Occurrences of Words and Phrases in Old and New Testaments combined
PART II
SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE
Introduction
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Six and Seven together
Seven by itself
Eight
Eight and Seven together
Eight by itself
Eight and Thirteen together
Nine
Ten
Eleven
Twelve
Thirteen
Fourteen
Fifteen
Seventeen
Nineteen
Twenty
Twenty-one
Twenty-two
Twenty-four
Twenty-five
Twenty-seven
Twenty-eight
Twenty-nine
Thirty
Thirty-one
Forty
Forty-two
Fifty
Fifty-one
Sixty-five
Seventy
One hundred and twenty
One hundred and fifty and three
Two hundred
Three hundred and ninety
Four hundred
Four hundred and thirty
Four hundred and ninety
Six hundred and sixty-six
Conclusion
Special thanks to Moza, a research member of Philologos and Bible Prophecy Research, for providing this electronic copy. THIS BOOK HAS BEEN EDITED. Any corrections or questions may be directed to the address below:
research-bpr@philologos.org
http://philologos.org
October, 2001
Number in Scripture: Its Supernatural Design and Spiritual Significance by E.W. Bullinger
Philologos Edition: Oct1601
"... freely ye have received, freely give." (Mat 10:8)
Philologos | Bible Prophecy Research | The BPR Reference Guide | Jewish Calendar | About Us
by
E. W. Bullinger
(1837-1913)
Fourth Edition, Revised.
"The works of the Lord are great,
Sought out of all them have pleasure therein."
Ps. cxi. 2.
London:
Eyre & Spottiswoode (Bible Warehouse) Ltd.,
33. Paternoster Row, E.C.
1921
Preface
Many writers, from the earliest times, have called attention to the importance of the great subject of Number in Scripture. It has been dealt with, for the most part, in a fragmentary way. One has dealt with some particular number, such as "seven"; another has been content with a view of the primary numbers, and even when defining their significance, has given only one or two examples by way of illustration; another has confined himself to "symbolical numbers," such as 10, 40, 666, etc.; another has taken up such symbolical numbers in their relation to chronology or to prophecy; another has collected examples, but has dealt little with their meaning.
There seemed, therefore, to be room, and indeed a call, for a work which would be more complete, embrace a larger area, and at the same time be free from the many fancies which all, more or less, indulge in when the mind is occupied too much with one subject. Anyone who values the importance of a particular principle will be tempted to see it where it does not exist, and if it be not there will force it in, in spite sometimes of the original text. Especially is this the case when chronology is dealt with, the greater uncertainty of dates lending itself more readily to the author's fancy.
The greatest work on this subject, both chronological and numerical, is not free from these defects. But its value is nevertheless very great. It is by the late Dr. Milo Mahan, of New York. His work Palmoni*, which was republished among his collected works, has long been out of print. It greatly increased my interest in this subject, and led me to further study, besides furnishing a number of valuable illustrations.
* Not the anonymous Palmoni by an English author, published in London.
It is too much to hope that the present work should be free from these defects, which are inseparable from human infirmity. From one point of view it is a subject which must prove disappointing, at any rate to the author, for illustrations are continually being discovered; and yet, from another point of view, it would be blasphemy to suppose that such a work could be complete; for it would assume that the wonders of this mine could be exhausted, and that its treasures could be all explored!
I must, therefore, be content with the setting forth of general principles, and with giving a few examples from God's Word which illustrate them, leaving others to extend the application of these principles and search out illustrations of them for themselves.
May the result of this contribution to a great subject be to stimulate the labours of Bible students; to strengthen believers in their most holy faith; and to convince doubters of the Divine perfection and inspiration of the Book of Books, to the praise and glory of God.
E.W. BULLINGER
17 North End Road,
Golders Green, N.W.
Contents
PART I
SUPERNATURAL DESIGN
CHAPTER 1
THE WORKS OF GOD
The Heavens
Chronology
Nature
The Vegetable Kingdom
Physiology
Chemistry
Sound and Music
Colour
CHAPTER II
THE WORD OF GOD
The Books of the Bible
The Writers
Occurrences of Words in Old Testament
Occurrences of Words in New Testament
Occurrences of Words in the Apocalypse
Occurrences of Phrases
Evidence as to Authorship of Hebrews and 2 Peter
Occurrences of Words and Phrases in Old and New Testaments combined
PART II
SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE
Introduction
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Six and Seven together
Seven by itself
Eight
Eight and Seven together
Eight by itself
Eight and Thirteen together
Nine
Ten
Eleven
Twelve
Thirteen
Fourteen
Fifteen
Seventeen
Nineteen
Twenty
Twenty-one
Twenty-two
Twenty-four
Twenty-five
Twenty-seven
Twenty-eight
Twenty-nine
Thirty
Thirty-one
Forty
Forty-two
Fifty
Fifty-one
Sixty-five
Seventy
One hundred and twenty
One hundred and fifty and three
Two hundred
Three hundred and ninety
Four hundred
Four hundred and thirty
Four hundred and ninety
Six hundred and sixty-six
Conclusion
Special thanks to Moza, a research member of Philologos and Bible Prophecy Research, for providing this electronic copy. THIS BOOK HAS BEEN EDITED. Any corrections or questions may be directed to the address below:
research-bpr@philologos.org
http://philologos.org
October, 2001
Number in Scripture: Its Supernatural Design and Spiritual Significance by E.W. Bullinger
Philologos Edition: Oct1601
"... freely ye have received, freely give." (Mat 10:8)
Philologos | Bible Prophecy Research | The BPR Reference Guide | Jewish Calendar | About Us
MAZZAROTH; or, the CONSTELLATION
CONTENTS OF THE FIRST PART.
- Preface
- Questions to which it is generally believed that there is no certain Answer to be given, Tradition or Conjecture being all that is ever alleged
- Objections sometimes urged as to the Origin and Meaning of the Names and Figures of the Ancient Constellations
- What are the real Meanings of the Emblems of the Signs?
- The Latin Names of the Twelve Signs accounted for by their Semitic Roots
- The Twelve Signs of the Zodiac, as connected with the Primitive Prophecies
- Mazzaroth. Chapter I
- Mazzaroth. Chapter II
CONTENTS OF THE SECOND PART
* Explanation of the Tables
* Prophecies of the Messiah, His People and His enemy, corresponding with the Thirty-six Decans or Constellations accompanying the Signs
* Authorities for the Antiquity of the Signs of the Zodiac, their Names and Forms
* Aries. The Ram, or Lamb, coming Forth
* Taurus. The Bull, coming to Rule
* Gemini. The Twins, the United
* Cancer. The Crab or Scarabaeus, holding the Possession
* Leo. The Lion, the Separating
* Virgo. The Woman, bearing the Branch
* Libra. The Scales, the Redeeming
* Scorpio. The Scorpion, the Conflict
* Sagittarius. The Archer, the Going Forth
* Capricornus. The Goat, the Atonement Slain
* Aquarius. The Water-bearer, the Pouring Forth
* Pisces. The Fishes, the Multitudes Upheld
* Lunar Zodiac; or, Mansions of the Moon
* The Galactic Circle. A Way Returning
* The Twelve Signs, Sanscrit and Chinese
* The Pleiades
* Ursa Major and Minor, called the Great and Lesser Bear
* Orion
* Names of the Antediluvian Patriarchs
* Note on Enoch; Notes on the Names of the Antediluvian Patriarchs; on British Triads
* Names of the Sons of Jacob, according to their Birth. The Breastplate of the High Priest
* Genesis 49
* Numbers 24: Part of the Prophecy of Balaam
* Deuteronomy 33: Blessing of Moses
* The Encampment of Israel in the Wilderness, and the Breastplate of the High Priest
* The Twelve Signs as alluded to by Jacob in Genesis 49, and by Moses in Deuteronomy 33
* Types of the Levitical Law, corresponding with the Signs, or their accompanying Constellations
* On the Cherubic Forms as connected with the Emblems of Ancient Astronomy
* Symbols of the Constellations. The Twelve Signs
* Types of the Apocalypse, corresponding with the Emblems of the Constellations
* Prophecies of the Messiah, corresponding with the Twelve Signs of the Zodiac and the Twelve Precious Stones of the Foundations of the Holy City of the Apocalypse, Rev 21
* On the Plenary Inspiration of the Scriptures, as connected with the Names of Ancient Astronomy
* On the Immortality of the Soul as known to the Antediluvian Patriarchs, and to the Ancient Hebrews, and indicated by the Emblems of Ancient Astronomy
* On the Book of Job, as connected with the Emblems of Ancient Astronomy
* Prophecy, as connected with the Emblems of Ancient Astronomy, for which a Prophetic Import is claimed
* On the Original Language to which the Names of Ancient Astronomy are referred
* On the Connexion of the Greek with the Semitic Dialects
* The Names of the Twelve Chief Gods of Roman and Greek Mythology, explained from their Primitive Roots, and referred to the corresponding Signs
* The Twelve Labours of Hercules, as agreeing with the Signs
* The Sphinx, as connected with the Sign Virgo
* The Sibyl, as connected with the Sign Virgo
* On the Sign Virgo
* Ancient Arabian and Persian Traditions
* The Star of Bethlehem
* The Southern Fish, in Aquarius
* The Hebrew Alphabet, as connected with the Constellations
* On the Antiquity of the Square Character of the Hebrew
* Meanings of the Hebrew Alphabet, from Ancient Jewish Authorities. (Gaffarelli, Cur. Lit.)
* The Southern Cross
* Ancient Names of the Sun, Moon, and Earth, explained from their Primitive Roots
* Ancient Names of the Planets, explained from their Primitive Roots
* Names of Egyptian Gods, explained from their Primitive Roots, and referred to the corresponding Planets and Signs. The Eight Gods of the First Order
* The Twelve Great Gods of Assyria. Presided over by Ashur, the King of the Circle of the Great Gods
* Names of the Stones on the Foundations of the Holy City, in the order in which they are given in Revelation 21:19, 20, referred to the Hebrew Roots
* On the Sign Capricorn
* On the Sign Aries
THIRD PART
London:
Rivingtons, Waterloo Place.
1862
CONTENTS OF THE THIRD PART
* Days of the Planetary Week, as named after the Sun, Moon, and Five Planets
* Memorial Lines for the Planetary Week, as connected with Prophecy
* Names of the Days of the Planetary Week of the Brahmins, as given by Le Gentil
* Singalese Names of the Days of the Planetary Week, as given by Le Gentil
* Siamese Names of the Planetary Week, according to La Loubere
* Memorial Lines for the Days of the Week, in analogy with those of Creation
* Memorial Lines, according to the Order of the Signs
* Memorial Lines, according to the Course of Prophecy
* Memorial Lines for the Constellations
* Decans
* Memorial Lines for the Names of Stars
* Note on the Names of the Stars
* On the Mansions of the Moon, or Lunar Zodiac
* Memorial Lines for the Mansions of the Moon
* The Mythology of India, in connexion with Ancient Astronomy
* The Mythology of the Scandinavian Nations, as connected with the Ancient Astronomy
* Note on Hela
* Note on Noetic
* Memorial Lines for the Names of the Mythology of India
* Memorial Lines for the Names of the Mythology of Scandinavia, with Notes
* Memorial Lines for the Names of the Planets
* Notes, &c., on the Names of the Planets
FOURTH PART
London:
Rivingtons, Waterloo Place.
1865
CONTENTS OF THE FOURTH PART
* Preface to Part IV
* On the Emblems of Egyptian Mythology
* Testimonies to the Great Antiquity Here Claimed for the Emblems of the Constellations, Egyptian and Chaldean
* On the Astronomy of the Ancients
* Note on the Astronomy of the Ancients
* Astrology of the Ancients
* Note on the Decans
MIZRAIM; OR, ASTRONOMY OF EGYPT
by the late
F. Rolleston,
Keswick
"And the Lord shall be known to Egypt."—Isaiah 19:21
CONTENTS
* The Ancient Egyptian Zodiac and Planisphere of Dendera
* The Ancient Coptic Names of the Twelve Signs of the Zodiac, According to Ulugh Beigh
* Notes on Libra
* Aries
* Taurus
* Gemini
* Cancer
* Leo
* Virgo
* Libra
* Scorpio
* Sagittarius
* Capricornus
* Aquarius
* Pisces
* On the Names of the Twelve Signs
* Note on the Scarabaeus
* Note on Manetho
* Zodiac of Esne
Addenda
* The Planets
* On the Planet Venus
* The Pole
Justinian I
Justinian I (Latin: Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus; Greek: Φλάβιος Πέτρος Σαββάτιος Ἰουστινιανός; 483 – 13 or 14 November 565), commonly known as Justinian the Great, was Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian sought to revive the empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the classical Roman Empire.
One of the most important figures of Late Antiquity and the last emperor to speak Latin as a first language,[1] Justinian's rule constitutes a distinct epoch in the history of the Eastern Roman Empire. The impact of his administration extended far beyond the boundaries of his time and domain. Justinian's reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized renovatio imperii, or "restoration of the empire".[2] This ambition was expressed in the partial recovery of the territories of the Western Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. A still more resonant aspect of his legacy was the uniform rewriting of Roman law, the Corpus Juris Civilis, which is still the basis of civil law in many modern states. His reign also marked a blossoming of Byzantine culture, and his building programme yielded such masterpieces as the church of Hagia Sophia, which was to be the center of Eastern Orthodox Christianity for many centuries.
A devastating outbreak of bubonic plague (see Plague of Justinian) in the early 540s marked the end of an age of splendor. The empire entered a period of territorial decline not to be reversed until the ninth century.
Procopius provides the primary source for the history of Justinian's reign. The Syriac chronicle of John of Ephesus, which does not survive, was used as a source for later chronicles, contributing many additional details of value. Both historians became very bitter towards Justinian and his empress, Theodora.[3] Other sources include the histories of Agathias, Menander Protector, John Malalas, the Paschal Chronicle, the chronicles of Marcellinus Comes and Victor of Tunnuna.
Justinian is considered a saint amongst Eastern Orthodox Christians, and is also commemorated by some Lutheran Churches.[4]
One of the most important figures of Late Antiquity and the last emperor to speak Latin as a first language,[1] Justinian's rule constitutes a distinct epoch in the history of the Eastern Roman Empire. The impact of his administration extended far beyond the boundaries of his time and domain. Justinian's reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized renovatio imperii, or "restoration of the empire".[2] This ambition was expressed in the partial recovery of the territories of the Western Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. A still more resonant aspect of his legacy was the uniform rewriting of Roman law, the Corpus Juris Civilis, which is still the basis of civil law in many modern states. His reign also marked a blossoming of Byzantine culture, and his building programme yielded such masterpieces as the church of Hagia Sophia, which was to be the center of Eastern Orthodox Christianity for many centuries.
A devastating outbreak of bubonic plague (see Plague of Justinian) in the early 540s marked the end of an age of splendor. The empire entered a period of territorial decline not to be reversed until the ninth century.
Procopius provides the primary source for the history of Justinian's reign. The Syriac chronicle of John of Ephesus, which does not survive, was used as a source for later chronicles, contributing many additional details of value. Both historians became very bitter towards Justinian and his empress, Theodora.[3] Other sources include the histories of Agathias, Menander Protector, John Malalas, the Paschal Chronicle, the chronicles of Marcellinus Comes and Victor of Tunnuna.
Justinian is considered a saint amongst Eastern Orthodox Christians, and is also commemorated by some Lutheran Churches.[4]
Internet Medival Sourcebook - Selected Sources - Byzantium
Contents
General
Foundations
Justinian (b.483- r.527-d.565)
Justinian and Theodora
Government
Society and Economy
Church Policy
Wars
Buildings
Laws
After Justinian
Iconoclasm
Byzantine Imperial Centuries (843-1204)
Macedonian Dynasty
Eleventh Century Conflicts
The Komnenoi
The Final Centuries
The Nicean Period
The Palaiologoi
The Peloponnese and Mistra
Trebizond
The Fall of Constantinople and Aftermath
After Byzantium
Byzantine Religion
General Religion
Ecclesiastical Organization
Theology
Spirituality
Liturgy
Sanctity
Monasticism
Heresy and Dissent
The Byzantine Commonwealth
Syria
Armenia
Bulgaria
Serbia/Montenegro
Vikings
Inner Asia
The Byzantine Commonwealth: Russia
Accounts of Byzantium by Others
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General
WEB Byzantium: The Byzantine Studies Page
WEB Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection: Selected Images [At DO]
WEB Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection: Slide List of the Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection [At DO]
WEB Dumbarton Oaks Electronic Texts [Uses Acrobat]
Byzantine, Landscape Architecture and Pre-Columbian etext.
Paul of Aigina: The Epitome, excerpts. [a medical text]
A Byzantine Mathematics Textbook, 888: [Page image]
With Euclidean theorems.
The Suda: Entries on Grammarians, Rhetoricians ands Sophists, [At Leeds]
The Suda was a Byzantine "encyclopedia".
Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Greek Christian Poetry. [At St. Pachomius Library]
A collection of translations, including poems by: Clement of Alexandria, Gregory Nazianzen, Amphilochius of Iconium, Synesius of Cyrene, Paul Silentiarius, George Pisidia, John Damascene, Simeon Metaphrastes, John Maurpous of Euchaita, Theodore Prodromus, John Tzetzes, Manuel Philes, and Maximus Margunius.
Legislation Affecting the Jews, 300 to 800 CE
Index to Roman, Western and canonical laws
Byzantine Homosexuality texts are available at the People With a History site
Foundations
Sozomen (d. c. 450 CE): Constantine Founds Constantinople, 324, from Ecclesiastical History 2.3
Notitia Dignitatum (Register of Dignitaries)
A list of all the officials in the Roman Empire, East and West, c.400
Justinian (b.483- r.527-d.565)
Justinian and Theodora
[Tierney 22.2] Procopius: On Justinian. , from Secret History. The full text of the Secret History is also available.
Government
Procopius: On the Racing Factions, from On the Wars .
Procopius: Procopius: On the Nika Revolt, from The Wars.
Theophanes: On the Racing Factions, from ths Chronicle. See also Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Theophanes
Society and Economy
Procopius: The Roman Silk Industry, c. 550, from On the Wars
Procopius: The Plague, 542, History of the Wars, II.xxii-xxxiii:
Church Policy
Justinian I (b.483- r.527-d.565): Dialogue with Paul of Nisibis, translated by Dr. Jeffrey Macdonald, 1998 [At Pachomius]
Justinian's "dialogue" with a Nestorian.
Wars
Procopius: The Reconquest of Africa, 534, from On the Wars IV:9.
A description of Belisarius' triumph, with Gelimer, King of the Vandal's in tow.
Buildings
[Tierney 22.1] Procopius: Justinian, from Buildings.
Procopius: Description of Hagia Sophia from De Aedificiis. See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Byzantine Architecture
Paul the Silentiary: Description of Hagia Sophia from Descriptio S. Sophiae .
Laws
[Tierney 12] Corpus Iuris Civilis [selections]
Corpus Iuris Civilis: Institutes, 535, very extensive selections, in English.
Corpus Iuris Civilis: Institutes, Books 1-IV, [in Latin][At The Latin Library]
Corpus Iuris Civilis: Digest: D. 1.1.1 Ulp 1 inst. [In Latin] [At Roman Law Page]
Corpus Iuris Civilis: Roman Law Texts [In Latin] [At Roman Law Page]
A selection of medium length excerpts from, among others, the Corpus Iuris Civilis
Corpus Iuris Civilis: The Digest and Codex on Marriage
Codex Justinianus: Protection of Freewomen Married to Servile Husbands, c. 530 [Vll.24.i.]
Codex Justinianus: Return of Fugitive Slaves & Coloni, c. 530 [Xl.48.xii.]
Codex Justinianus: Application of Patria Potestas to the Coloni, c. 530 [Xl.48.xiii]
Codex Justinianus: Children of the Unfree, c. 530 [Xl.48.xxi.]
Codex Justinianus: Protection of Freemen and Coloni, c. 530 [Xl.48.xxii.]
Codex Justinianus: Children of Mixed Marriages, c. 530 [Xl.48.xxiv.]
Codex Justinianus: Coloni Bound to the Soil, c. 530 [Xl.51.i]
Codex Justinianus: Violation of the Thracian Land Law, c. 530 [XI.52.i.]
Justinian I (b.483- r.527-d.565): Novel 137: Regulating Church Ritual.
Justinian I (b.483- r.527-d.565): Novel 77, [538 CE] and Novel 141, [544 CE], [At PWH]
Includes texts of earlier Roman legislation on homosexuality.
Justinian (b.483- r.527-d.565): Novella 146: On Jews
After Justinian
John of Nikiu: On the Factions in Egypt.
Antiochus Strategos: The Sack of Jerusalem, 614.
An account of the Persian conquest. Also an example of Byzantine Antisemitism, and a version of the Blood libel.
Sophronius Patriarch of Jerusalem. Two Poems on the Holy City (Anacreontica XIX and XX) - ca. 600 A.D. [At Christus Rex]
Elliott Horowitz: "The Vengeance of the Jews Was Stronger Than Their Avarice": Modern Historians and the Persian Conquest of Jerusalem in 614, Jewish Social Studies Volume 4, Number 2
Huneberc of Heidenheim: The Hodoeporican of St. Willibald, 8th Century.
Describes a pilgrimmage to Jerusalem in this period.
Iconoclasm
John of Damascus: In Defence of Icons, c 730, extracts from On the Holy Icons and the Fount of Wisdom. See also Catholic Encyclopedia: John Damascene, Saint, Catholic Encyclopedia: Iconoclasm, and Catholic Encyclopedia: Veneration of Images.
John of Damascus: Apologia Against Those Who Decry Holy Images
Iconoclast Council of Constantinople, 754, full text.
Second Council of Nicea: Decree on Icons, 787.
Byzantine Imperial Centuries (843-1204)
Macedonian Dynasty
The Farmer's Law, 7-8th Century.
Symeon Logothete: Chronicle, excerpts on the Reign of Constantine VII, trans, Paul Stephenson [At Paul Stephenson's website]
Theophanes Continuatus: Chronicle, excerpts on the Reign of Romanos I Lekapenos, trans. Paul Stephenson [At Paul Stephenson's website]
Constantine VII Porphygenitus: De Ceremonies Aulae Byzantinae: A Diplomatic Stylesheet: Protocols and Forms of Address for Foreign Potentates, (De Ceremoniis, bk 2, cc. 46-48), trans. Paul Stephenson [At Paul Stephenson's website]
Constantine VII Porphyrgenitus: De Administrando Imperio: Relations with Northern Peoples in the 10th Century, excerpts, trans. Paul Stephenson [At Paul Stephenson's website]
Liutprand of Cremona (c.922-c.972): Report on Mission to Constantinople, 963. full text
Liutprand of Cremona (c.922-c.972): Report on Mission to Constantinople, 963, excerpts.
An Arab Ambassador in Constantinople, (late 10th Century).
John Skylitzes: Synopsis Historion, trans. Paul Stephenson [At Paul Stephenson's website]
With an account of the Battle of Kleidion, 29 July 1014.
Heron of Byzantium: Siegecraft: Two Tenth-Century Instructional Manuals PDF Format [At DO]
Ibn Battuta (1307-1377 CE): Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354
Eleventh Century Conflicts
Theodoros Skoutariotes: The Emperors of the 11th Century, from the Synopsis Chronika.
Michael Psellus (1018-after 1078): Chronographia, full text.
The history of the Roman Empire 976-1078 by one of the liveliest writers of the middle ages.
The Komnenoi
Anna Comnena (1083-after 1148): The Alexiad. [Full text]
The account of her father, the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I, by Princess Anna Comnena is perhaps the most important historical work by a woman writer written before the modern period.
Anna Comnena(1083-after 1148): The Alexiad, Books 10 and 11 (on the Crusades).
See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Anna Comnena for somewhat dismissive comments.
The Great Fair at Thessalonica, mid 12th Cent.
Geoffry de Villehardouin (c.1160-c.1212): Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and The Conquest of Constantinople. full text
The Final Centuries
The Nicean Period
The Palaiologoi
Patriarch Anthony: Defending the Position of the Emperor, 1395.
Hesychasm: Selected Readings
The Peloponnese and Mistra
Trebizond
The Fall of Constantinople and Aftermath
James M. Ludlow: The Tribute of Children, 1493 [At this Site]
On the origins of the Janissaries.
After Byzantium
Byzantine Religion
WEB St. Pachomius Library: Global Index, for listing of Orthodox documents online.
General Religion
Ecclesiastical Organization
Theodore Balsamon: On the Powers of the Patriarch of Constantinople, end 12th Century.
Theology
WEB Ephrem the Syrian (early 4th cent--373): Writings Extant only in Greek. [At Anastasis]
New texts are always being added to the Anastasis website.
Fifty Five Beatitudes
Three Short Discourses
Sermon on the Fathers who have completed their course
Sermon in Heptasyllabics
John Chrysostom
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Easter Sermon. See also St. John of Antioch: the Golden Mouth [At Internet Archive, from OP.ORG]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Homilies Against the Jews
John Chrysostom: Treatise on the Priesthood, full text [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Letters to Olympias [At ccel]
Letter I
Letter II
Letter III
Letter IV
Letter VII
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Letter to certain Presbyters of Antioch [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Correspondence with the Bishop of Rome [At CCEL]
Letter I to Innocent, Bishop of Rome
Letter II to Innocent, Bishop of Rome
From Innocent, Bishop of Rome to St. John
From Innocent to the People of Constantinople
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Homilies on Saint Ignatius and Saint Babylas [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Concerning the Power of Demons - Three Homilies [At CCEL]
Homily 1
Homily 2
Homily 3
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): On Eutropius the Eunuch, Patrician and Consul - Homily 1 and Homily 2 [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Concerning Lowliness (Humility) of Mind [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Homily on the Paralytic Let Down Through the Roof [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Against Publishing the Errors of the Brethren [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): A Treatise to Prove that No One Can Harm the Man Who Does Not Injure Himself [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Against Marcionists and Manichaeans [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Homilies on the Statues [At CCEL]
Introduction
Homily 1
Homily 2
Homily 3
Homily 4
Homily 5
Homily 6
Homily 7
Homily 8
Homily 9
Homily 10
Homily 11
Homily 12
Homily 13
Homily 14
Homily 15
Homily 16
Homily 17
Homily 18
Homily 19
Homily 20
Homily 21
Professions of Faith Extracted from Jews on Baptism, Visgothic and Byzantine
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (2nd half 5th century): Letters [At St. Pachomius]
See Catholic Encyclopedia: Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite
Justinian I (b.483- r.527-d.565): Dialogue with Paul of Nisibis, translated by Dr. Jeffrey Macdonald, 1998 [At Pachomius]
Justinian's "dialogue" with a Nestorian.
Mar Narsai (5th-6th Cent.): An Exposition of The Mysteries. [At U. Oregon]
John of Damascus
John of Damascus: Apologia Against Those Who Decry Holy Images , full text
John of Damascus: Three Sermons on the Dormition (koimhsiV) of the Virgin, full text,
Peter Moghila of Kiev: Orthodox Confession of the Faith, 17th century, [At UMD]
Perhaps the most Western "Orthodox" confession ever written
Spirituality
John Moschos: An Angel Story from the Spiritual Meadow .
Theodore of Studium
Theodore of Studium (d.826): Twenty-Seventh Discourse.
Theodore of Studium (d.826): Sixty First Discourse.
Theodore of Studium (d.826): Selected Poems, with the Letter to Casia.
Hesychasm: Selected Readings
Gregory Palamas
Gregory Palamas: On the Dormition of the Virgin Mary .
Gregory Palamas: On Unceasing Prayer, from the Life of St. Gregory Palamas, Archbishop of Salonica, Wonderworker (this is taken from the comments of St. Nikodemos of the Holy Mountain, editor of the Philokalia). [At Saint Gregory Palamas Greek Orthodox Monastery]
St. Arsenios of Cappodocia: Blessing Psalter, 20th cent.
Sanctity
Palladius: The Lausiac History [extended excerpts]
Includes lives of a number of saintly women.
Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-d.c.395): Life of Macrina, trans. W.K. Lowther Clarke [full text].
One of the most important lives of a female saint. This is an account of Gregory's strongminded sister, Macrina (c.327-379)
The Life of Daniel the Stylite [Full text], the fifth-century saint who spent 33 years on a pillar in Constantinople. See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Stylites.
Life of Matrona of Perge, d.c. 510-515, trans Khalifa Ben Nasser, [full text of Metaphrastic Life: selections from Vita Prima].
An example of a "transvestite" saint who was also a historical figure.
The Life of Theodore of Sykeon, Full text.
This Life of seventh-century saint is a major source for Byzantine rural and social history, as well as about the cult of saints.
Leontius of Neapolis (7th Century): The Life of John the Almsgiver [Full text].
Life of Irene, Abbess of the Convent of Chrysobalanton, trans. Jan Olof Rosenqvist
Life of Mary the Younger, d.c. 903, trans Paul Halsall, [First five chapters, and concluding prayer].
The Life of St. Thomaïs of Lesbos, full text in Greek [Unicode]
The Life of Lazaros of Mt. Galesion: An Eleventh-Century Pillar Saint [At DO] A good part of the published translation. In PDF Format
Gregory of Constantinople: Life of St. Romylos, A 14th Century Hesychast saint. [full permission pending]
Holy Women of Byzantium: Ten Saints' Lives in English Translation [At DO]
Complete texts of translations of female saints lives.
The texts are all in PDF form [for which you need the free Acrobat reader, downloadable from the index page]. Although it is possible to read these within the browser with Acrobat as a plugin, that often seems to destabilize a system. I recommend downloading the files onto a hard disk, and then opening them with Acrobat running independantly of the Browser.
Front Matter, General Introduction, Acknowledgments, List of Abbreviations / 183 k
A. Nuns Disguised as Monks
1. Life of St. Mary/Marinos / translated by Nicholas Constas / 92 k
2. Life of St. Matrona of Perge / Jeffrey Featherstone and Cyril Mango / 305 k
B. Female Solitaries
3. Life of St. Mary of Egypt / Maria Kouli / 183 k
4. Life of St. Theoktiste of Lesbos / Angela C. Hero / 153 k
C. Cenobitic Nuns
5. Life of St. Elisabeth the Wonderworker / Valerie Karras / 153 k
6. Life of St. Athanasia of Aegina / Lee Francis Sherry / 153 k
7. Life of St. Theodora of Thessalonike / Alice-Mary Talbot / 458 k
D. Pious Housewives
8. Life of St. Mary the Younger / Angeliki E. Laiou / 305 k
9. Life of St. Thomaïs of Lesbos / Paul Halsall / 214 k
E. A Saintly Empress
10. Life of St. Theodora of Arta / Alice-Mary Talbot / 92 k
Indexes / 122 k
Index of People and Places; General Index Index of Notable Greek Words
Monasticism
Theodore of Studium (d.826): Reform Rules. See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Studion
Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents [At DO]
A Complete Translation of the Surviving Founder's Typika and Testaments. Edited by John Thomas and Angela Constantinides Hero with the assistance of Giles Constable.
The texts are all in PDF form [for which you need the free Acrobat reader, downloadable from the index page]. Although it is possible to read these within the browser with Acrobat as a plugin, that often seems to destabilize a system. I recommend downloading the files onto a hard disk, and then opening them with Acrobat running independantly of the Browser.
Preface, Giles Constable / 153k
Acknowledgements / 31k
Abbreviations / 61k
Introduction / 122k
Early Monastic Rules / 122k
Chapter One: Traditional Private Religious Foundations / 61k
Introdu-n
Seventh Century
1. Apa Abraham: Testament of Apa Abraham, Bishop of Hermonthis, for the Monastery of St. Phoibammon near Thebes, Egypt (trans. Leslie S. B. MacCoull) / 61k
Eighth Century
2. Pantelleria: Typikon of John for the Monastery of St. John the Forerunner on Pantelleria (trans. Gianfranco Fiaccadori) / 61k
Ninth Century
3. Theodore Studites: Testament of Theodore the Studite for the Monastery of St. John Stoudios in Constantinople (trans. Timothy Miller) / 92k
4. Stoudios: Rule of the Monastery of St. John Stoudios in Constantinople (trans. Timothy Miller) / 153k
Tenth Century
5. Euthymios: Testament of Euthymios for the Monasteries of Psamathia and Ta Agathou (trans. Patricia Karlin-Hayter) / 31k
6. Rila: Testament of John of Rila (trans. Ilija Iliev) / 61k
7. Latros: Testament of Paul the Younger for the Monastery of the Mother of God tou Stylou on Mount Latros (trans. Gianfranco Fiaccadori) / 61k
Eleventh Century
8. John Xenos: Testament of John Xenos for the Monastery of the Mother of God Antiphonetria of Myriokephala on Crete (trans. Gianfranco Fiaccadori) / 31k
9. Galesios: Testament of Lazarus of Mount Galesios (trans. Patricia Karlin-Hayter) / 92k
10. Eleousa: Rule of Manuel, Bishop of Stroumitza, for the Monastery of the Mother of God Eleousa (trans. Anastasius Bandy) / 122k
Chapter Two: Athonite Monasteries / 61k
Introduction
Tenth Century
11. Ath. Rule: Rule of Athanasios the Athonite for the Lavra Monastery (trans. George Dennis) / 153k
12. Tzimiskes: Typikon of Emperor John Tzimiskes (trans. George Dennis) / 92k
13. Ath. Typikon: Typikon of Athanasios the Athonite for the Lavra Monastery (trans. George Dennis) / 122k
14. Ath. Testament: Testament of Athanasios the Athonite for the Lavra Monastery (trans. George Dennis) / 61k
15. Constantine IX: Typikon of Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos (trans. Timothy Miller) / 61k
Chapter Three: The Protectorate / 92k
Introduction
Tenth Century
16. Mount Tmolos: Typikon of Nikephoros Erotikos for the Monastery of the Mother of God and the Old Age Home called Ta Derma on Mount Tmolos (trans. John Thomas) / 31k
17. Nikon Metanoeite: Testament of Nikon the Metanoeite for the Church and Monastery of the Savior, the Mother of God and St. Kyriake in Lakedaimon (trans. Anastasius Bandy) / 61k
Eleventh Century
18. Nea Gephyra: Testament of Nikodemos for the Monastery of Nea Gephyra near Lakedaimon (trans. Stephen Reinert) / 31k
19. Attaleiates: Rule of Michael Attaleiates for his Almshouse in Rhaidestos and for the Monastery of Christ Panoiktirmon in Constantinople (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 214k
20. Black Mountain: Regulations of Nikon of the Black Mountain (trans. Robert Allison) / 214k
21. Roidion: Typikon of Nikon of the Black Mountain for the Monastery and Hospice of the Mother of God Tou Roidiou (trans. Robert Allison) / 92k
Chapter Four: Early Reform Monasteries of the Eleventh Century / 92k
Introduction
22. Evergetis: Typikon of Timothy for the Monastery of the Mother of God Evergetis (trans. Robert Jordan) / 244k
23. Pakourianos: Typikon of Gregory Pakourianos for the Monastery of the Mother of God Petritzonitissa in Backovo (trans. Robert Jordan) / 244k
24. Christodoulos: Rule, Testament and Codicil of Christodoulos for the Monastery of St. John the Theologian on Patmos (trans. Patricia Karlin-Hayter) / 183k
Chapter Five: Imperial and Royal Monasteries of the Twelfth Century / 61k
Introduction
25. Fragala: Testaments of Gregory for the Monastery of St. Philip of Fragala in Sicily (trans. Patricia Karlin-Hayter and Timothy Miller) / 92k
26. Luke of Messina: Typikon of Luke for the Monastery of Christ Savior (San Salvatore) in Messina (trans. Timothy Miller) / 61k
27. Kecharitomene: Typikon of Empress Irene Doukaina Komnene for the Convent of the Mother of God Kecharitomene in Constantinople (trans. Robert Jordan) / 305k
28. Pantokrator: Typikon of Emperor John II Komnenos for the Monastery of Christ Pantokrator at Constantinople (trans. Robert Jordan) / 244k
29. Kosmosoteira: Typikon of the Sebastokrator Isaac Komnenos for the Monastery of the Mother of God Kosmosoteira near Bera (trans. Nancy Patterson Sevcenko) / 336k
Chapter Six: Early Reform Monasteries of the Twelfth Century / 61k
Introduction
30. Phoberos: Rule of John for the Monastery of St. John the Forerunner of Phoberos (trans. Robert Jordan) / 336k
31. Areia: Memorandum and Typikon of Leo, Bishop of Nauplia, for the Monastery of the Mother of God in Areia (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 92k
32. Mamas: Typikon of Athanasios Philanthropenos for the Monastery of St. Mamas in Constantinople (trans. Anastasius Bandy) / 275k
33. Heliou Bomon: Typikon of Nikephoros Mystikos for the Monastery of the Mother of God ton Heliou Bomon or Elegmon (trans. Anastasius Bandy) / 214k
Chapter Seven: Independent and Self-Governing Monasteries of the Thirteenth Century / 61k
Introduction
34. Machairas: Rule of Neilos, Bishop of Tamasia, for the Monastery of the Mother of God of Machairas in Cyprus (trans. Anastasius Bandy) / 275k
35. Skoteine: Testament of Maximos for the Monastery of the Mother of God at Skoteine near Philadelphia (trans. George Dennis) / 122k
36. Blemmydes: Typikon of Nikephoros Blemmydes for the Monastery of the Lord Christ-Who-Is at Ematha near Ephesos (trans. Joseph Munitiz) / 61k
37. Auxentios: Typikon of Michael VIII Palaiologos for the Monastery of the Archangel Michael on Mount Auxentios near Chalcedon (trans. George Dennis) / 122k
38. Kellibara I: Typikon of Michael VIII Palaiologos for the Monastery of St. Demetrios of the Palaiologoi-Kellibara in Constantinople (trans. George Dennis) / 92k
39. Lips: Typikon of Theodora Palaiologina for the Convent of Lips in Constantinople (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 153k
40. Anargyroi: Typikon of Theodora Palaiologina for the Convent of Sts. Kosmas and Damian in Constantinople (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 61k
Chapter Eight: Later Private Religious Foundations / 61k
Introduction
Twelfth Century
41. Docheiariou: Rule of Neophytos for the Monastery of St. Michael the Archangel of Docheiariou on Mount Athos (trans. Robert Allison) / 61k
42. Sabas: Founder's Typikon of the Sabas Monastery near Jerusalem (trans. Gianfranco Fiaccadori) / 61k
43. Kasoulon: Rule of Nicholas for the Monastery of St. Nicholas of Kasoulon near Otranto (trans. Timothy Miller) / 61k
44. Karyes: Typikon of Sabbas the Serbian for the Kellion of St. Sabbas at Karyes on Mount Athos (trans. George Dennis) / 61k
Thirteenth Century
45. Neophytos: Testamentary Rule of Neophytos for the Hermitage of the Holy Cross near Ktima in Cyprus (trans. Catia Galatariotou) / 153k
Fourteenth Century
46. Akropolites: Testament of Constantine Akropolites for the Monastery of the Resurrection (Anastasis) in Constantinople (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 61k
47. Philanthropos: Typikon of Irene Choumnaina Palaiologina for the Convent of Christ Philanthropos in Constantinople (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 61k
48. Prodromos: Testament of Neilos for the Monastery of St. John the Forerunner (Prodromos) on Mount Athos (trans. Stephen Reinert) / 31k
49. Geromeri: Testament of Neilos Erichiotes for the Monastery of the Mother of God Hodegetria in Geromeri (trans. George Dennis) / 61k
50. Gerasimos: Testament of Gerasimos for the Small Monastery of St. Euthymios in Jerusalem (trans. George Dennis) / 31k
51. Koutloumosi: Testaments of Chariton for the Monastery of Christ Savior of Koutloumousi on Mount Athos (trans. George Dennis) / 122k
52. Choumnos: Rule and Testament of Makarios Choumnos for the Nea Mone of the Mother of God in Thessalonike (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 92k
53. Meteora: Canonical Rule of Athanasios the Meteorite for the Monastery of the Transfiguration (Metamorphosis) (trans. George Dennis) / 61k
Fifteenth Century
54. Neilos Damilas: Testament and Typikon of Neilos Damilas for the Convent of the Mother of God Pantanassa at Baionaia on Crete (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 92k
Chapter Nine: Independent and Self-Governing Monasteries of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries / 61k
Introduction
Fourteenth Century
55. Athanasios I: Rule of Patriarch Athanasios I (trans. Timothy Miller) / 61k
56. Kellibara II: Typikon of Andronikos II Palaiologos for the Monastery of St. Demetrios-Kellibara in Constantinople (trans. George Dennis) / 31k
57. Bebeia Elpis: Typikon of Theodora Synadene for the Convent of the Mother of God Bebaia Elpis in Constantinople (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 275k
58. Menoikeion: Typikon of Joachim, Metropolitan of Zichna, for the Monastery of St. John the Forerunner on Mount Menoikeion near Serres (trans. Timothy Miller) / 153k
Fifteenth Century
59. Manuel II: Typikon of Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos for the Monasteries of Mount Athos (trans. George Dennis) / 61k
60. Charsianeites: Testament of Patriarch Matthew I for the Monastery of Charsianeites Dedicated to the Mother of God Nea Peribleptos (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 183k
61. Eleousa Inv.: Inventory of the Monastery of the Mother of God Eleousa in Stroumitza (trans. Anastasius Bandy, with Nancy Sevcenko) / 61k
Glossary / 61k
Appendix A: Concordance with Previous Lists / 31k
Appendix B: The Regulation of Diet in the Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents / 92k
Appendix C: Topical Interrelationships of the Families of the Typika of the Byzantine Monastic Reform Movement / 31k
General Bibliography / 92k
Liturgy
The Divine Liturgy of John Chrysostom as used in Orthodox Churches.
Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom , in form used by Eastern Catholic churches. [At UMD]
The Liturgy of the Assyrian Rite.
See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Assyrian Rite
The Akathistos Hymn.
The Lenten Triodion. Full English text of Byzantine Lenten services.
The Lenten Triodion. Alternative off site link. [At OCF]
Orthodox Prayers. [At OCF]
The Ecloga on Sexual Crimes, 8th Cent.
The Contract of Marriage, in the Ecloga of Leo III, 726.
Two Versions of the Rite of Adelphopoiia.
Heresy and Dissent
Anna Comnena: The Bogomils, c. 1110
The Byzantine Commonwealth
Syria
Ch'ing-Tsing: Nestorian Tablet: Eulogizing the Propagation of the
Illustrious Religion in China, with a Preface, composed by a priest
of the Syriac Church, 781 A.D.
Bar Sauma (c. 1278-1313): The Monk of Kublai Khan, Emperor of China; or The History of the Life and Travels of Rabban Sawma, Envoy and Plenipotentiary of the Mongol Khans to the Kings of Europe and Markos who as Yahbh-Allaha III Became Patriarch of the Nestorian Church. Translated by E.A. Wallis Budge, London: The Religious Track Society, 1928. [At Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]
Armenia
WEB Armenian/Georgian Historical Resources Site,
Various full text translations by Robert Bedrosian.
P'awstos Buzandac'i'. History of the Armenians, 5th century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources]
Ghazar P'arbec'i'. History of the Armenians, 5th century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, At [Arm. Hist. Resources]
Sebeos: History, 7th century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources] [this is the first of a series of files].
John Mamikonean: History of Taron, 10th century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources] [this is the first of a series of files].
Aristakes Lastivertc'i': History, 11th-century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources]
The Georgian Chronicle, 12-13th century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources][this is the first of a series of files].
Kirakos Gandzakets'i': History of the Armenians, 13th-century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources] [this is the first of a series of files].
T'ovma Metsobets'i': History of Tamerlane and His Successors , full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources] [this is the first of a series of files].
Bulgaria
Pope Nicholas I: Responses to the Questions of the Bulgars A.D. 866 (Letter 99), trans. W. North, full text.
Serbia/Montenegro
Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja (Letopis' Popa Dukljanina), Partial Translation by Paul Stephenson [At Paul Stephenson's Website]
"Also known as the Bar Genealogy, was originally composed in Slavonic in the late twelfth century, but has been preserved only in a sixteenth-century Latin translation. It was probably the work of Grgur (Gregory), bishop of Bar from 1172 to c. 1196, who championed the rights of the bishopric of Bar to preside over all the lands south of the river Cetina. A Major source for the Balkan history of the period."
Old Serbian Tales: Marko and the Turks, c. 1450 [At this Site]
A Serbian poem about the fight with the Turks.
Vikings
Snorri Sturlson: Heimskringla or The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway. [OMACL Text], [Contains inter alia, King Harold's Saga]
Inner Asia
Description of the Tartars [Mongols], 13th century.
The Byzantine Commonwealth: Russia
The Chronicle of Nestor.
The Chronicle of Novgorod.
Privileges Granted to German Merchants at Novgorod, 1229
Russian Primary Chronicle: Ruskaia Pravda. [At Univ.Durham]
An early Law code
Russian Primary Chronicle: The Founding of the City of Kiev. [At Univ.Durham]
Nestor: The Martyrdom of Boris and Gleb, d. 1015. [At Univ.Durham]
Russian Primary Chronicle: The Christianisation of Russia, 988. [At Univ.Durham]
Russian Primary Chronicle: The Varangians (Normans). [At Univ.Durham]
Russian Primary Chronicle: Prince Oleg's Campaign Against Constantinople. [At Univ.Durham]
Daniel (1106-1107): The Pilgrimage of the Russian Abbot Daniel in the Holy Land, 1106-1107 A.D., annotated by Sir C. W.Wilson (London, 1895) [At Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]
Metropolitan Hilarion: Sermon on Law and Grace. [At Univ.Durham]
Russian Primary Chronicle: The Testament of Vladimir Monomakh. [At Univ.Durham]
The Lay of Igor's Raid. [At Univ.Durham]
Life of Sergius of Radonezh, (c.1314-1392). [At Durham]
Filofei: Moscow as the Third Rome. [At Univ.Durham]
Prince Andrew Kurbskii: First Epistle Written to the Tsar and Grand Prince of Moscow in Consequence of His Fierce Persecution . [At Univ.Durham]
The Domostroi: How to Educate Children and Bring Them Up In the Fear of God, excerpts, mid-16th century. [At Univ.Durham]
The Code of Law of 1649 (Ulozhenie), excerpts. [At Univ.Durham]
Accounts of Byzantium by Others
Liutprand of Cremona (c.922-c.972): Report on Mission to Constantinople, 963. full text
Liutprand of Cremona (c.922-c.972): Report on Mission to Constantinople, 963, excerpts.
An Arab Ambassador in Constantinople, (late 10th Century).
Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354
Includes an account of Constantinople.
Chinese Accounts of Rome, Byzantium and the Middle East, c. 91 B.C.E. - 1643 C.E.
Chu Yuan-Chang: Manifesto of Accession as First Ming Emperor, 1372 C.E. Sent to the Byzantine Emperor.
Benjamin of Tudela (1160-1173): The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela Critical Text, Translation and Commentary by Marcus Nathan Adler. [At Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]
Felix Fabri (1480 & 1483-84): The Book of the Wanderings of Felix Fabri (Circa 1480-1483 A.D.) trans. Aubrey Stewart. 2 vols. London: Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society, 1896 [At Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]
Pietro Casola (1494): Canon Pietro Casola's Pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Year 1494. trans. Mary Margaret Newett. Manchester: The University Press, 1907. [At Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]
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NOTES:
copyrighted means the text is not available for free distribution. In some cases alternate versions are available, and are working through the pipeline.
Dates of accession of material can be seen in the New Accessions Page. The date of inception was 1/20/1996.
Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site name or location]. No indication means that the text file is local.
WEB indicates a link to one of small number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable overview.
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[the counter is approximate since it only records graphical hits.]
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Select Sources Index
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Site Design: Paul Halsall
©
created 1996: last revised 3/21/2007
General
Foundations
Justinian (b.483- r.527-d.565)
Justinian and Theodora
Government
Society and Economy
Church Policy
Wars
Buildings
Laws
After Justinian
Iconoclasm
Byzantine Imperial Centuries (843-1204)
Macedonian Dynasty
Eleventh Century Conflicts
The Komnenoi
The Final Centuries
The Nicean Period
The Palaiologoi
The Peloponnese and Mistra
Trebizond
The Fall of Constantinople and Aftermath
After Byzantium
Byzantine Religion
General Religion
Ecclesiastical Organization
Theology
Spirituality
Liturgy
Sanctity
Monasticism
Heresy and Dissent
The Byzantine Commonwealth
Syria
Armenia
Bulgaria
Serbia/Montenegro
Vikings
Inner Asia
The Byzantine Commonwealth: Russia
Accounts of Byzantium by Others
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General
WEB Byzantium: The Byzantine Studies Page
WEB Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection: Selected Images [At DO]
WEB Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection: Slide List of the Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection [At DO]
WEB Dumbarton Oaks Electronic Texts [Uses Acrobat]
Byzantine, Landscape Architecture and Pre-Columbian etext.
Paul of Aigina: The Epitome, excerpts. [a medical text]
A Byzantine Mathematics Textbook, 888: [Page image]
With Euclidean theorems.
The Suda: Entries on Grammarians, Rhetoricians ands Sophists, [At Leeds]
The Suda was a Byzantine "encyclopedia".
Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Greek Christian Poetry. [At St. Pachomius Library]
A collection of translations, including poems by: Clement of Alexandria, Gregory Nazianzen, Amphilochius of Iconium, Synesius of Cyrene, Paul Silentiarius, George Pisidia, John Damascene, Simeon Metaphrastes, John Maurpous of Euchaita, Theodore Prodromus, John Tzetzes, Manuel Philes, and Maximus Margunius.
Legislation Affecting the Jews, 300 to 800 CE
Index to Roman, Western and canonical laws
Byzantine Homosexuality texts are available at the People With a History site
Foundations
Sozomen (d. c. 450 CE): Constantine Founds Constantinople, 324, from Ecclesiastical History 2.3
Notitia Dignitatum (Register of Dignitaries)
A list of all the officials in the Roman Empire, East and West, c.400
Justinian (b.483- r.527-d.565)
Justinian and Theodora
[Tierney 22.2] Procopius: On Justinian. , from Secret History. The full text of the Secret History is also available.
Government
Procopius: On the Racing Factions, from On the Wars .
Procopius: Procopius: On the Nika Revolt, from The Wars.
Theophanes: On the Racing Factions, from ths Chronicle. See also Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Theophanes
Society and Economy
Procopius: The Roman Silk Industry, c. 550, from On the Wars
Procopius: The Plague, 542, History of the Wars, II.xxii-xxxiii:
Church Policy
Justinian I (b.483- r.527-d.565): Dialogue with Paul of Nisibis, translated by Dr. Jeffrey Macdonald, 1998 [At Pachomius]
Justinian's "dialogue" with a Nestorian.
Wars
Procopius: The Reconquest of Africa, 534, from On the Wars IV:9.
A description of Belisarius' triumph, with Gelimer, King of the Vandal's in tow.
Buildings
[Tierney 22.1] Procopius: Justinian, from Buildings.
Procopius: Description of Hagia Sophia from De Aedificiis. See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Byzantine Architecture
Paul the Silentiary: Description of Hagia Sophia from Descriptio S. Sophiae .
Laws
[Tierney 12] Corpus Iuris Civilis [selections]
Corpus Iuris Civilis: Institutes, 535, very extensive selections, in English.
Corpus Iuris Civilis: Institutes, Books 1-IV, [in Latin][At The Latin Library]
Corpus Iuris Civilis: Digest: D. 1.1.1 Ulp 1 inst. [In Latin] [At Roman Law Page]
Corpus Iuris Civilis: Roman Law Texts [In Latin] [At Roman Law Page]
A selection of medium length excerpts from, among others, the Corpus Iuris Civilis
Corpus Iuris Civilis: The Digest and Codex on Marriage
Codex Justinianus: Protection of Freewomen Married to Servile Husbands, c. 530 [Vll.24.i.]
Codex Justinianus: Return of Fugitive Slaves & Coloni, c. 530 [Xl.48.xii.]
Codex Justinianus: Application of Patria Potestas to the Coloni, c. 530 [Xl.48.xiii]
Codex Justinianus: Children of the Unfree, c. 530 [Xl.48.xxi.]
Codex Justinianus: Protection of Freemen and Coloni, c. 530 [Xl.48.xxii.]
Codex Justinianus: Children of Mixed Marriages, c. 530 [Xl.48.xxiv.]
Codex Justinianus: Coloni Bound to the Soil, c. 530 [Xl.51.i]
Codex Justinianus: Violation of the Thracian Land Law, c. 530 [XI.52.i.]
Justinian I (b.483- r.527-d.565): Novel 137: Regulating Church Ritual.
Justinian I (b.483- r.527-d.565): Novel 77, [538 CE] and Novel 141, [544 CE], [At PWH]
Includes texts of earlier Roman legislation on homosexuality.
Justinian (b.483- r.527-d.565): Novella 146: On Jews
After Justinian
John of Nikiu: On the Factions in Egypt.
Antiochus Strategos: The Sack of Jerusalem, 614.
An account of the Persian conquest. Also an example of Byzantine Antisemitism, and a version of the Blood libel.
Sophronius Patriarch of Jerusalem. Two Poems on the Holy City (Anacreontica XIX and XX) - ca. 600 A.D. [At Christus Rex]
Elliott Horowitz: "The Vengeance of the Jews Was Stronger Than Their Avarice": Modern Historians and the Persian Conquest of Jerusalem in 614, Jewish Social Studies Volume 4, Number 2
Huneberc of Heidenheim: The Hodoeporican of St. Willibald, 8th Century.
Describes a pilgrimmage to Jerusalem in this period.
Iconoclasm
John of Damascus: In Defence of Icons, c 730, extracts from On the Holy Icons and the Fount of Wisdom. See also Catholic Encyclopedia: John Damascene, Saint, Catholic Encyclopedia: Iconoclasm, and Catholic Encyclopedia: Veneration of Images.
John of Damascus: Apologia Against Those Who Decry Holy Images
Iconoclast Council of Constantinople, 754, full text.
Second Council of Nicea: Decree on Icons, 787.
Byzantine Imperial Centuries (843-1204)
Macedonian Dynasty
The Farmer's Law, 7-8th Century.
Symeon Logothete: Chronicle, excerpts on the Reign of Constantine VII, trans, Paul Stephenson [At Paul Stephenson's website]
Theophanes Continuatus: Chronicle, excerpts on the Reign of Romanos I Lekapenos, trans. Paul Stephenson [At Paul Stephenson's website]
Constantine VII Porphygenitus: De Ceremonies Aulae Byzantinae: A Diplomatic Stylesheet: Protocols and Forms of Address for Foreign Potentates, (De Ceremoniis, bk 2, cc. 46-48), trans. Paul Stephenson [At Paul Stephenson's website]
Constantine VII Porphyrgenitus: De Administrando Imperio: Relations with Northern Peoples in the 10th Century, excerpts, trans. Paul Stephenson [At Paul Stephenson's website]
Liutprand of Cremona (c.922-c.972): Report on Mission to Constantinople, 963. full text
Liutprand of Cremona (c.922-c.972): Report on Mission to Constantinople, 963, excerpts.
An Arab Ambassador in Constantinople, (late 10th Century).
John Skylitzes: Synopsis Historion, trans. Paul Stephenson [At Paul Stephenson's website]
With an account of the Battle of Kleidion, 29 July 1014.
Heron of Byzantium: Siegecraft: Two Tenth-Century Instructional Manuals PDF Format [At DO]
Ibn Battuta (1307-1377 CE): Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354
Eleventh Century Conflicts
Theodoros Skoutariotes: The Emperors of the 11th Century, from the Synopsis Chronika.
Michael Psellus (1018-after 1078): Chronographia, full text.
The history of the Roman Empire 976-1078 by one of the liveliest writers of the middle ages.
The Komnenoi
Anna Comnena (1083-after 1148): The Alexiad. [Full text]
The account of her father, the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I, by Princess Anna Comnena is perhaps the most important historical work by a woman writer written before the modern period.
Anna Comnena(1083-after 1148): The Alexiad, Books 10 and 11 (on the Crusades).
See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Anna Comnena for somewhat dismissive comments.
The Great Fair at Thessalonica, mid 12th Cent.
Geoffry de Villehardouin (c.1160-c.1212): Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and The Conquest of Constantinople. full text
The Final Centuries
The Nicean Period
The Palaiologoi
Patriarch Anthony: Defending the Position of the Emperor, 1395.
Hesychasm: Selected Readings
The Peloponnese and Mistra
Trebizond
The Fall of Constantinople and Aftermath
James M. Ludlow: The Tribute of Children, 1493 [At this Site]
On the origins of the Janissaries.
After Byzantium
Byzantine Religion
WEB St. Pachomius Library: Global Index, for listing of Orthodox documents online.
General Religion
Ecclesiastical Organization
Theodore Balsamon: On the Powers of the Patriarch of Constantinople, end 12th Century.
Theology
WEB Ephrem the Syrian (early 4th cent--373): Writings Extant only in Greek. [At Anastasis]
New texts are always being added to the Anastasis website.
Fifty Five Beatitudes
Three Short Discourses
Sermon on the Fathers who have completed their course
Sermon in Heptasyllabics
John Chrysostom
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Easter Sermon. See also St. John of Antioch: the Golden Mouth [At Internet Archive, from OP.ORG]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Homilies Against the Jews
John Chrysostom: Treatise on the Priesthood, full text [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Letters to Olympias [At ccel]
Letter I
Letter II
Letter III
Letter IV
Letter VII
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Letter to certain Presbyters of Antioch [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Correspondence with the Bishop of Rome [At CCEL]
Letter I to Innocent, Bishop of Rome
Letter II to Innocent, Bishop of Rome
From Innocent, Bishop of Rome to St. John
From Innocent to the People of Constantinople
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Homilies on Saint Ignatius and Saint Babylas [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Concerning the Power of Demons - Three Homilies [At CCEL]
Homily 1
Homily 2
Homily 3
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): On Eutropius the Eunuch, Patrician and Consul - Homily 1 and Homily 2 [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Concerning Lowliness (Humility) of Mind [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Homily on the Paralytic Let Down Through the Roof [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Against Publishing the Errors of the Brethren [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): A Treatise to Prove that No One Can Harm the Man Who Does Not Injure Himself [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Against Marcionists and Manichaeans [At CCEL]
John Chrysostom (c.347-407): Homilies on the Statues [At CCEL]
Introduction
Homily 1
Homily 2
Homily 3
Homily 4
Homily 5
Homily 6
Homily 7
Homily 8
Homily 9
Homily 10
Homily 11
Homily 12
Homily 13
Homily 14
Homily 15
Homily 16
Homily 17
Homily 18
Homily 19
Homily 20
Homily 21
Professions of Faith Extracted from Jews on Baptism, Visgothic and Byzantine
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (2nd half 5th century): Letters [At St. Pachomius]
See Catholic Encyclopedia: Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite
Justinian I (b.483- r.527-d.565): Dialogue with Paul of Nisibis, translated by Dr. Jeffrey Macdonald, 1998 [At Pachomius]
Justinian's "dialogue" with a Nestorian.
Mar Narsai (5th-6th Cent.): An Exposition of The Mysteries. [At U. Oregon]
John of Damascus
John of Damascus: Apologia Against Those Who Decry Holy Images , full text
John of Damascus: Three Sermons on the Dormition (koimhsiV) of the Virgin, full text,
Peter Moghila of Kiev: Orthodox Confession of the Faith, 17th century, [At UMD]
Perhaps the most Western "Orthodox" confession ever written
Spirituality
John Moschos: An Angel Story from the Spiritual Meadow .
Theodore of Studium
Theodore of Studium (d.826): Twenty-Seventh Discourse.
Theodore of Studium (d.826): Sixty First Discourse.
Theodore of Studium (d.826): Selected Poems, with the Letter to Casia.
Hesychasm: Selected Readings
Gregory Palamas
Gregory Palamas: On the Dormition of the Virgin Mary .
Gregory Palamas: On Unceasing Prayer, from the Life of St. Gregory Palamas, Archbishop of Salonica, Wonderworker (this is taken from the comments of St. Nikodemos of the Holy Mountain, editor of the Philokalia). [At Saint Gregory Palamas Greek Orthodox Monastery]
St. Arsenios of Cappodocia: Blessing Psalter, 20th cent.
Sanctity
Palladius: The Lausiac History [extended excerpts]
Includes lives of a number of saintly women.
Gregory of Nyssa (c.335-d.c.395): Life of Macrina, trans. W.K. Lowther Clarke [full text].
One of the most important lives of a female saint. This is an account of Gregory's strongminded sister, Macrina (c.327-379)
The Life of Daniel the Stylite [Full text], the fifth-century saint who spent 33 years on a pillar in Constantinople. See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Stylites.
Life of Matrona of Perge, d.c. 510-515, trans Khalifa Ben Nasser, [full text of Metaphrastic Life: selections from Vita Prima].
An example of a "transvestite" saint who was also a historical figure.
The Life of Theodore of Sykeon, Full text.
This Life of seventh-century saint is a major source for Byzantine rural and social history, as well as about the cult of saints.
Leontius of Neapolis (7th Century): The Life of John the Almsgiver [Full text].
Life of Irene, Abbess of the Convent of Chrysobalanton, trans. Jan Olof Rosenqvist
Life of Mary the Younger, d.c. 903, trans Paul Halsall, [First five chapters, and concluding prayer].
The Life of St. Thomaïs of Lesbos, full text in Greek [Unicode]
The Life of Lazaros of Mt. Galesion: An Eleventh-Century Pillar Saint [At DO] A good part of the published translation. In PDF Format
Gregory of Constantinople: Life of St. Romylos, A 14th Century Hesychast saint. [full permission pending]
Holy Women of Byzantium: Ten Saints' Lives in English Translation [At DO]
Complete texts of translations of female saints lives.
The texts are all in PDF form [for which you need the free Acrobat reader, downloadable from the index page]. Although it is possible to read these within the browser with Acrobat as a plugin, that often seems to destabilize a system. I recommend downloading the files onto a hard disk, and then opening them with Acrobat running independantly of the Browser.
Front Matter, General Introduction, Acknowledgments, List of Abbreviations / 183 k
A. Nuns Disguised as Monks
1. Life of St. Mary/Marinos / translated by Nicholas Constas / 92 k
2. Life of St. Matrona of Perge / Jeffrey Featherstone and Cyril Mango / 305 k
B. Female Solitaries
3. Life of St. Mary of Egypt / Maria Kouli / 183 k
4. Life of St. Theoktiste of Lesbos / Angela C. Hero / 153 k
C. Cenobitic Nuns
5. Life of St. Elisabeth the Wonderworker / Valerie Karras / 153 k
6. Life of St. Athanasia of Aegina / Lee Francis Sherry / 153 k
7. Life of St. Theodora of Thessalonike / Alice-Mary Talbot / 458 k
D. Pious Housewives
8. Life of St. Mary the Younger / Angeliki E. Laiou / 305 k
9. Life of St. Thomaïs of Lesbos / Paul Halsall / 214 k
E. A Saintly Empress
10. Life of St. Theodora of Arta / Alice-Mary Talbot / 92 k
Indexes / 122 k
Index of People and Places; General Index Index of Notable Greek Words
Monasticism
Theodore of Studium (d.826): Reform Rules. See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Studion
Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents [At DO]
A Complete Translation of the Surviving Founder's Typika and Testaments. Edited by John Thomas and Angela Constantinides Hero with the assistance of Giles Constable.
The texts are all in PDF form [for which you need the free Acrobat reader, downloadable from the index page]. Although it is possible to read these within the browser with Acrobat as a plugin, that often seems to destabilize a system. I recommend downloading the files onto a hard disk, and then opening them with Acrobat running independantly of the Browser.
Preface, Giles Constable / 153k
Acknowledgements / 31k
Abbreviations / 61k
Introduction / 122k
Early Monastic Rules / 122k
Chapter One: Traditional Private Religious Foundations / 61k
Introdu-n
Seventh Century
1. Apa Abraham: Testament of Apa Abraham, Bishop of Hermonthis, for the Monastery of St. Phoibammon near Thebes, Egypt (trans. Leslie S. B. MacCoull) / 61k
Eighth Century
2. Pantelleria: Typikon of John for the Monastery of St. John the Forerunner on Pantelleria (trans. Gianfranco Fiaccadori) / 61k
Ninth Century
3. Theodore Studites: Testament of Theodore the Studite for the Monastery of St. John Stoudios in Constantinople (trans. Timothy Miller) / 92k
4. Stoudios: Rule of the Monastery of St. John Stoudios in Constantinople (trans. Timothy Miller) / 153k
Tenth Century
5. Euthymios: Testament of Euthymios for the Monasteries of Psamathia and Ta Agathou (trans. Patricia Karlin-Hayter) / 31k
6. Rila: Testament of John of Rila (trans. Ilija Iliev) / 61k
7. Latros: Testament of Paul the Younger for the Monastery of the Mother of God tou Stylou on Mount Latros (trans. Gianfranco Fiaccadori) / 61k
Eleventh Century
8. John Xenos: Testament of John Xenos for the Monastery of the Mother of God Antiphonetria of Myriokephala on Crete (trans. Gianfranco Fiaccadori) / 31k
9. Galesios: Testament of Lazarus of Mount Galesios (trans. Patricia Karlin-Hayter) / 92k
10. Eleousa: Rule of Manuel, Bishop of Stroumitza, for the Monastery of the Mother of God Eleousa (trans. Anastasius Bandy) / 122k
Chapter Two: Athonite Monasteries / 61k
Introduction
Tenth Century
11. Ath. Rule: Rule of Athanasios the Athonite for the Lavra Monastery (trans. George Dennis) / 153k
12. Tzimiskes: Typikon of Emperor John Tzimiskes (trans. George Dennis) / 92k
13. Ath. Typikon: Typikon of Athanasios the Athonite for the Lavra Monastery (trans. George Dennis) / 122k
14. Ath. Testament: Testament of Athanasios the Athonite for the Lavra Monastery (trans. George Dennis) / 61k
15. Constantine IX: Typikon of Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos (trans. Timothy Miller) / 61k
Chapter Three: The Protectorate / 92k
Introduction
Tenth Century
16. Mount Tmolos: Typikon of Nikephoros Erotikos for the Monastery of the Mother of God and the Old Age Home called Ta Derma on Mount Tmolos (trans. John Thomas) / 31k
17. Nikon Metanoeite: Testament of Nikon the Metanoeite for the Church and Monastery of the Savior, the Mother of God and St. Kyriake in Lakedaimon (trans. Anastasius Bandy) / 61k
Eleventh Century
18. Nea Gephyra: Testament of Nikodemos for the Monastery of Nea Gephyra near Lakedaimon (trans. Stephen Reinert) / 31k
19. Attaleiates: Rule of Michael Attaleiates for his Almshouse in Rhaidestos and for the Monastery of Christ Panoiktirmon in Constantinople (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 214k
20. Black Mountain: Regulations of Nikon of the Black Mountain (trans. Robert Allison) / 214k
21. Roidion: Typikon of Nikon of the Black Mountain for the Monastery and Hospice of the Mother of God Tou Roidiou (trans. Robert Allison) / 92k
Chapter Four: Early Reform Monasteries of the Eleventh Century / 92k
Introduction
22. Evergetis: Typikon of Timothy for the Monastery of the Mother of God Evergetis (trans. Robert Jordan) / 244k
23. Pakourianos: Typikon of Gregory Pakourianos for the Monastery of the Mother of God Petritzonitissa in Backovo (trans. Robert Jordan) / 244k
24. Christodoulos: Rule, Testament and Codicil of Christodoulos for the Monastery of St. John the Theologian on Patmos (trans. Patricia Karlin-Hayter) / 183k
Chapter Five: Imperial and Royal Monasteries of the Twelfth Century / 61k
Introduction
25. Fragala: Testaments of Gregory for the Monastery of St. Philip of Fragala in Sicily (trans. Patricia Karlin-Hayter and Timothy Miller) / 92k
26. Luke of Messina: Typikon of Luke for the Monastery of Christ Savior (San Salvatore) in Messina (trans. Timothy Miller) / 61k
27. Kecharitomene: Typikon of Empress Irene Doukaina Komnene for the Convent of the Mother of God Kecharitomene in Constantinople (trans. Robert Jordan) / 305k
28. Pantokrator: Typikon of Emperor John II Komnenos for the Monastery of Christ Pantokrator at Constantinople (trans. Robert Jordan) / 244k
29. Kosmosoteira: Typikon of the Sebastokrator Isaac Komnenos for the Monastery of the Mother of God Kosmosoteira near Bera (trans. Nancy Patterson Sevcenko) / 336k
Chapter Six: Early Reform Monasteries of the Twelfth Century / 61k
Introduction
30. Phoberos: Rule of John for the Monastery of St. John the Forerunner of Phoberos (trans. Robert Jordan) / 336k
31. Areia: Memorandum and Typikon of Leo, Bishop of Nauplia, for the Monastery of the Mother of God in Areia (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 92k
32. Mamas: Typikon of Athanasios Philanthropenos for the Monastery of St. Mamas in Constantinople (trans. Anastasius Bandy) / 275k
33. Heliou Bomon: Typikon of Nikephoros Mystikos for the Monastery of the Mother of God ton Heliou Bomon or Elegmon (trans. Anastasius Bandy) / 214k
Chapter Seven: Independent and Self-Governing Monasteries of the Thirteenth Century / 61k
Introduction
34. Machairas: Rule of Neilos, Bishop of Tamasia, for the Monastery of the Mother of God of Machairas in Cyprus (trans. Anastasius Bandy) / 275k
35. Skoteine: Testament of Maximos for the Monastery of the Mother of God at Skoteine near Philadelphia (trans. George Dennis) / 122k
36. Blemmydes: Typikon of Nikephoros Blemmydes for the Monastery of the Lord Christ-Who-Is at Ematha near Ephesos (trans. Joseph Munitiz) / 61k
37. Auxentios: Typikon of Michael VIII Palaiologos for the Monastery of the Archangel Michael on Mount Auxentios near Chalcedon (trans. George Dennis) / 122k
38. Kellibara I: Typikon of Michael VIII Palaiologos for the Monastery of St. Demetrios of the Palaiologoi-Kellibara in Constantinople (trans. George Dennis) / 92k
39. Lips: Typikon of Theodora Palaiologina for the Convent of Lips in Constantinople (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 153k
40. Anargyroi: Typikon of Theodora Palaiologina for the Convent of Sts. Kosmas and Damian in Constantinople (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 61k
Chapter Eight: Later Private Religious Foundations / 61k
Introduction
Twelfth Century
41. Docheiariou: Rule of Neophytos for the Monastery of St. Michael the Archangel of Docheiariou on Mount Athos (trans. Robert Allison) / 61k
42. Sabas: Founder's Typikon of the Sabas Monastery near Jerusalem (trans. Gianfranco Fiaccadori) / 61k
43. Kasoulon: Rule of Nicholas for the Monastery of St. Nicholas of Kasoulon near Otranto (trans. Timothy Miller) / 61k
44. Karyes: Typikon of Sabbas the Serbian for the Kellion of St. Sabbas at Karyes on Mount Athos (trans. George Dennis) / 61k
Thirteenth Century
45. Neophytos: Testamentary Rule of Neophytos for the Hermitage of the Holy Cross near Ktima in Cyprus (trans. Catia Galatariotou) / 153k
Fourteenth Century
46. Akropolites: Testament of Constantine Akropolites for the Monastery of the Resurrection (Anastasis) in Constantinople (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 61k
47. Philanthropos: Typikon of Irene Choumnaina Palaiologina for the Convent of Christ Philanthropos in Constantinople (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 61k
48. Prodromos: Testament of Neilos for the Monastery of St. John the Forerunner (Prodromos) on Mount Athos (trans. Stephen Reinert) / 31k
49. Geromeri: Testament of Neilos Erichiotes for the Monastery of the Mother of God Hodegetria in Geromeri (trans. George Dennis) / 61k
50. Gerasimos: Testament of Gerasimos for the Small Monastery of St. Euthymios in Jerusalem (trans. George Dennis) / 31k
51. Koutloumosi: Testaments of Chariton for the Monastery of Christ Savior of Koutloumousi on Mount Athos (trans. George Dennis) / 122k
52. Choumnos: Rule and Testament of Makarios Choumnos for the Nea Mone of the Mother of God in Thessalonike (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 92k
53. Meteora: Canonical Rule of Athanasios the Meteorite for the Monastery of the Transfiguration (Metamorphosis) (trans. George Dennis) / 61k
Fifteenth Century
54. Neilos Damilas: Testament and Typikon of Neilos Damilas for the Convent of the Mother of God Pantanassa at Baionaia on Crete (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 92k
Chapter Nine: Independent and Self-Governing Monasteries of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries / 61k
Introduction
Fourteenth Century
55. Athanasios I: Rule of Patriarch Athanasios I (trans. Timothy Miller) / 61k
56. Kellibara II: Typikon of Andronikos II Palaiologos for the Monastery of St. Demetrios-Kellibara in Constantinople (trans. George Dennis) / 31k
57. Bebeia Elpis: Typikon of Theodora Synadene for the Convent of the Mother of God Bebaia Elpis in Constantinople (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 275k
58. Menoikeion: Typikon of Joachim, Metropolitan of Zichna, for the Monastery of St. John the Forerunner on Mount Menoikeion near Serres (trans. Timothy Miller) / 153k
Fifteenth Century
59. Manuel II: Typikon of Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos for the Monasteries of Mount Athos (trans. George Dennis) / 61k
60. Charsianeites: Testament of Patriarch Matthew I for the Monastery of Charsianeites Dedicated to the Mother of God Nea Peribleptos (trans. Alice-Mary Talbot) / 183k
61. Eleousa Inv.: Inventory of the Monastery of the Mother of God Eleousa in Stroumitza (trans. Anastasius Bandy, with Nancy Sevcenko) / 61k
Glossary / 61k
Appendix A: Concordance with Previous Lists / 31k
Appendix B: The Regulation of Diet in the Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents / 92k
Appendix C: Topical Interrelationships of the Families of the Typika of the Byzantine Monastic Reform Movement / 31k
General Bibliography / 92k
Liturgy
The Divine Liturgy of John Chrysostom as used in Orthodox Churches.
Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom , in form used by Eastern Catholic churches. [At UMD]
The Liturgy of the Assyrian Rite.
See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Assyrian Rite
The Akathistos Hymn.
The Lenten Triodion. Full English text of Byzantine Lenten services.
The Lenten Triodion. Alternative off site link. [At OCF]
Orthodox Prayers. [At OCF]
The Ecloga on Sexual Crimes, 8th Cent.
The Contract of Marriage, in the Ecloga of Leo III, 726.
Two Versions of the Rite of Adelphopoiia.
Heresy and Dissent
Anna Comnena: The Bogomils, c. 1110
The Byzantine Commonwealth
Syria
Ch'ing-Tsing: Nestorian Tablet: Eulogizing the Propagation of the
Illustrious Religion in China, with a Preface, composed by a priest
of the Syriac Church, 781 A.D.
Bar Sauma (c. 1278-1313): The Monk of Kublai Khan, Emperor of China; or The History of the Life and Travels of Rabban Sawma, Envoy and Plenipotentiary of the Mongol Khans to the Kings of Europe and Markos who as Yahbh-Allaha III Became Patriarch of the Nestorian Church. Translated by E.A. Wallis Budge, London: The Religious Track Society, 1928. [At Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]
Armenia
WEB Armenian/Georgian Historical Resources Site,
Various full text translations by Robert Bedrosian.
P'awstos Buzandac'i'. History of the Armenians, 5th century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources]
Ghazar P'arbec'i'. History of the Armenians, 5th century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, At [Arm. Hist. Resources]
Sebeos: History, 7th century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources] [this is the first of a series of files].
John Mamikonean: History of Taron, 10th century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources] [this is the first of a series of files].
Aristakes Lastivertc'i': History, 11th-century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources]
The Georgian Chronicle, 12-13th century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources][this is the first of a series of files].
Kirakos Gandzakets'i': History of the Armenians, 13th-century, full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources] [this is the first of a series of files].
T'ovma Metsobets'i': History of Tamerlane and His Successors , full text, trans. Robert Bedrosian, [At Arm. Hist. Resources] [this is the first of a series of files].
Bulgaria
Pope Nicholas I: Responses to the Questions of the Bulgars A.D. 866 (Letter 99), trans. W. North, full text.
Serbia/Montenegro
Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja (Letopis' Popa Dukljanina), Partial Translation by Paul Stephenson [At Paul Stephenson's Website]
"Also known as the Bar Genealogy, was originally composed in Slavonic in the late twelfth century, but has been preserved only in a sixteenth-century Latin translation. It was probably the work of Grgur (Gregory), bishop of Bar from 1172 to c. 1196, who championed the rights of the bishopric of Bar to preside over all the lands south of the river Cetina. A Major source for the Balkan history of the period."
Old Serbian Tales: Marko and the Turks, c. 1450 [At this Site]
A Serbian poem about the fight with the Turks.
Vikings
Snorri Sturlson: Heimskringla or The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway. [OMACL Text], [Contains inter alia, King Harold's Saga]
Inner Asia
Description of the Tartars [Mongols], 13th century.
The Byzantine Commonwealth: Russia
The Chronicle of Nestor.
The Chronicle of Novgorod.
Privileges Granted to German Merchants at Novgorod, 1229
Russian Primary Chronicle: Ruskaia Pravda. [At Univ.Durham]
An early Law code
Russian Primary Chronicle: The Founding of the City of Kiev. [At Univ.Durham]
Nestor: The Martyrdom of Boris and Gleb, d. 1015. [At Univ.Durham]
Russian Primary Chronicle: The Christianisation of Russia, 988. [At Univ.Durham]
Russian Primary Chronicle: The Varangians (Normans). [At Univ.Durham]
Russian Primary Chronicle: Prince Oleg's Campaign Against Constantinople. [At Univ.Durham]
Daniel (1106-1107): The Pilgrimage of the Russian Abbot Daniel in the Holy Land, 1106-1107 A.D., annotated by Sir C. W.Wilson (London, 1895) [At Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]
Metropolitan Hilarion: Sermon on Law and Grace. [At Univ.Durham]
Russian Primary Chronicle: The Testament of Vladimir Monomakh. [At Univ.Durham]
The Lay of Igor's Raid. [At Univ.Durham]
Life of Sergius of Radonezh, (c.1314-1392). [At Durham]
Filofei: Moscow as the Third Rome. [At Univ.Durham]
Prince Andrew Kurbskii: First Epistle Written to the Tsar and Grand Prince of Moscow in Consequence of His Fierce Persecution . [At Univ.Durham]
The Domostroi: How to Educate Children and Bring Them Up In the Fear of God, excerpts, mid-16th century. [At Univ.Durham]
The Code of Law of 1649 (Ulozhenie), excerpts. [At Univ.Durham]
Accounts of Byzantium by Others
Liutprand of Cremona (c.922-c.972): Report on Mission to Constantinople, 963. full text
Liutprand of Cremona (c.922-c.972): Report on Mission to Constantinople, 963, excerpts.
An Arab Ambassador in Constantinople, (late 10th Century).
Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354
Includes an account of Constantinople.
Chinese Accounts of Rome, Byzantium and the Middle East, c. 91 B.C.E. - 1643 C.E.
Chu Yuan-Chang: Manifesto of Accession as First Ming Emperor, 1372 C.E. Sent to the Byzantine Emperor.
Benjamin of Tudela (1160-1173): The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela Critical Text, Translation and Commentary by Marcus Nathan Adler. [At Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]
Felix Fabri (1480 & 1483-84): The Book of the Wanderings of Felix Fabri (Circa 1480-1483 A.D.) trans. Aubrey Stewart. 2 vols. London: Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society, 1896 [At Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]
Pietro Casola (1494): Canon Pietro Casola's Pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Year 1494. trans. Mary Margaret Newett. Manchester: The University Press, 1907. [At Traveling to Jerusalem/U Sth Colorado]
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